畢业设计--基于CMOS图像传感器的太阳跟踪控制器的设计.docVIP

  基于CMOS图像传感器的太阳跟踪 控制器的设计 摘 要 为了解决能源危机问题、实现可持续发展、构建绿色环保社会，世界各国都在积极开发利用太阳能资源。太阳能的利用已经渗透到社会各方面，但太阳能利用效率低这一问题一直影响和阻碍着太阳能技术的普及和发展。为提高太阳能利用效率而进行太阳自动跟踪控制器的研究，有着重大而深远的意义。 在分析比较了国内外常用的几种跟踪方式后，设计了一种基于COMS图像传感器的太阳自动跟踪控制器,上位机实现VC++与Matlab联合编程,实时控制图像传感器获取太阳光斑图像，经Matlab计算,得到太阳光斑质心坐标与图像中心坐标的偏差,转化为水平和俯仰的步进电机需调整的步数,进而实时调整平面镜跟踪装置,使太阳光斑始终在图像中心位置。实验结果表明,该装置实现了太阳自动跟踪的目的,具有较高的跟踪精度。 本课题完成了跟踪控制器的硬件设计和软件设计。硬件设计主要包括：跟踪器控制电路、步进电机驱动电路、图像采集电路、限位信号采集电路和串口通讯电路等。软件设计主要包括：采用Visual C++编写人机交互控制平台、设计MATLAB算法进行图像处理并获取跟踪偏差、基于MCC实现VC++与MATLAB联合编程。通过对实测数据的分析表明:在该系统中,高度角跟踪绝对误差和方位角跟踪绝对误差均在要求范围内,采用图像传感器对太阳进行跟踪后,得到了很高的精度,且可靠性提高。实验结果表明，跟踪控制器在可靠性、跟踪精度、抗干扰性等方面均得到了有效的提高。 最后，给出了本课题的工作总结和进一步研究的方向。 关键词: 太阳自动跟踪;CMOS图像传感器;步进电机; VC++ THE DESIGNING OF AUTO-TRACKING CONTROLLER BASED ON CMOS IMAGINE SENSOR Abstract Design and Realization of Solar Auto-tracking Controller Based on CMOS Image Sensor In order to solve the energy crisis, achieve sustainable development and building a green community, countries in the world are actively developing the use of solar energy resources. The use of solar energy has penetrated into all aspects of society, but the solar energy utilization efficiency is low impact and this issue has been hindering the popularization of solar energy technology. To improve the efficiency of solar energy utilization, the research of automatic sun-tracking controller has important and far-reaching significance. In the analysis and comparison of several commonly used at home and abroad tracking mode, A solar automatic tracking controller based on CMOS image sensor is designed. Its host computer achieves a joint programming of VC++ and Matlab, and obtains the sun spot image by real-timely controlling the image sensor. The deviation between sun′s mass center coordinates and image center coordinates is calculated by Matlab. The calculation is converted into the steps of the level and pitch stepper motor to be adjusted. Real-time adjustment of plane mirror