河南科技大学毕业设计智能车计课题设计课题.doc

智能循迹小车的设计与实现 摘 要 智能小车可在预先设定的场景模式中自动运作，其设计主要集机械、电子、检测技术与智能控制于一体，可应用于工业控制等领域，是机器人研究领域的一项重要内容。本设计以玩具小车为车体，硬件是以STC12C5A60S2单片机为主控芯片，配合直流电动机、光电传感器、超声波传感器、无线收发器、LED数码管等器件构成，并通过相应的软件代码实现控制小车的前进、转弯、加速、减速等动作；系统选用单片机作为主控器，利用STC内部的PWM模块对小车进行速度调节；采用TCRT5000 红外反射式光电传感器对信号进行检测，实现小车循迹功能；利用单片机与L298N驱动模块结合来对检测信号进行有效控制。两车之间主要采用2个E18-D80NK 红外避障传感器和超声波传感器进行通信实现了精准地完成两小车同时起动，并在行车道同向而行，在超车区实现两车交替超车领跑功能，并由LED显示系统的行驶时间和通信节能等指标。实验表明，本设计结构简单，在一定程度上体现了小车的智能化运作，基本达到毕业设计课题要求。 关键词：STC12C5A60S2单片机, 智能小车；场景模式；超声波传感器；无线收发器；交替超车 DESIGN OF INTELLIGENT CAR ABSTRACT Intelligent car can operate automatically at a preset scene modes , designed primarily mechanical, electronic , detection technology and intelligent control in one, can be used in industrial control and other fields, is an important part of robotics research. The design of the toy car body , the hardware is STC12C5A60S2 master chip microcontroller , with DC motors , photoelectric sensors , ultrasonic sensors, wireless transceiver , LED digital control devices form , and through the corresponding software code control car forward , turning, acceleration, deceleration and other actions ; system selected as the master microcontroller using the internal PWM module STC adjust the speed of the car ; using TCRT5000 infrared reflective photoelectric sensor detects the signal , realize the car tracking function ; using SCM L298N driver module in conjunction with the detection signal to effective control . Between the two vehicles used mainly two E18-D80NK infrared obstacle avoidance sensors and wireless communication modules to achieve a precise nrRF24L01 completed two car started simultaneously and in the same direction and the line carriageway , overtaking zone to achieve the two vehicles to overtake leader alternately function by travel time LED display system and communications and energy saving targets. KEY WORDS: STC12C5A60S2, Intelligent Car,Prospects Mode,Ultrasonic Sensors,Wireless Transceiver,Overtaking Alternately,