B5Grammar.doc

Book5 Grammar 非谓语动词在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。To help poor people is our duty. 帮助穷人是我们的责任。 To say is one thing and to do is another thing. 说是一回事，做又是一回事 【知识拓展】 在多数情况下，常常用it代替不定式作主语，而把不定式短语移到句子后面。 It is difficult to finish the work in ten minutes. 很难在十分钟内完成这项工作。 【实战演练】 ① It is not always easy __________ invitations. A. to refuse B. refusing C. to be refused D. being refused ② It was polite ________ the child to give up his seat to the elderly woman. A. for B. of C. to D. with ③ Is it necessary ________ the book immediately? A. for him to return B. that he returns C. his returning D. of him to return ▲ 作表语:放在系动词后面，表示将要做某事的意思。主语中包含名词：job,duty,task, dream, hope, plan, purpose, aim, goal Her dream is to become a pop singer. （成为一名流行歌手） The most important thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution. (采取措施阻止污染) ▲ 作宾语 能直接跟不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：want,, hope, manage, decide, agree, choose, pretend, promise, mean, expect, intend, happen,等。 I expect to see you tomorrow. 我希望明天见到你。 The guests promised to come early. 客人们答应早点来。 【知识拓展】 在一些复合宾语中，常用it代替不定式作形式宾语，而不定式放在后面。 I find it interesting to learn English. 我觉得学英语很有趣。 I make it a rule to write diaries every day. 我养成了每天写日记的习惯。 【实战演练】 ① The chairman thought ____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. A. that B. it C. this D. him ② As soon as the bell rang, the teacher asked the students to stop ___ and ____ in their papers. A. writing; handing B. writing; to hand C. to write; handing D. to write; to hand ③ She can’t help ______ the house because she is busy making the cake. A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned ▲ 作宾语补足语 Mother asked me to come back home early. 母亲叫我早点回家。 We advised him to have a good rest. 我们劝他好好休息。 【知识拓展】 常带不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, invite, force, advise, get, help, want, wish, order, expect, encourage, warn, permit等，但在make, let, have, see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel等的宾补中的to必须省略，在help后可加to也可不加to。 【实战演练】 ① My parents