语法专题七：虚拟语气.doc

省镇中高三英语二轮复习语法专题 PAGE PAGE 3 语法专题七：虚拟语气 1. 规则虚拟：即含if 从句的复合句，表示与事实相反。具体时态搭配为： 时间 if从句 主句 对将来 did(were) / were to + do / should + do would / could / might / should + do 对现在 did(were) 同上 对过去 had done would / could / might / should + have done 注意： 1) 交叉时间虚拟：即主、从句不在同一时间，注意各自的时态。 2) 虚拟与非虚拟：即一句与事实相反，用虚拟；另一句与事实一致，用实际时态。 3) 虚拟中的倒装：如if从句中含should, had, were等，可将其置于句首，且省略if。 4) 介短、副词代替if从句：如without, but for, in the absence of (如果没有), or, otherwise 2. 表示建议、要求、劝告、命令类词 + 名从中的虚拟，从句动词:(should) do 适用词群：advise, ask, demand, desire, direct(指导，要求), insist, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge等及其它们的名词、形容词、过去分词等，后跟名从。 注意：当insist为“坚持已发生或存在的事实”，suggest为“暗示、表明”时，要 用陈述语气，即实际时态。 3. wish等词 + 从句：从句时态向后退一格： 即表示现在、将来用did / were / was; 表示过去用had done。 适用词群：wish, as if /though, If only(要……就好了), would rather, It is (about / high) time 等。 4. 情态动词 + have done 表虚拟： should / ought to have done 本应该做（实际没做，含“责备”之意） could / might have done 本可以做（实际未做） needn’t have done 本没必要做 (实际做了) would like / love to have done would rather have done 本来想要做某事(但未做) had better have done 5. 句型： 1) If it were not for…, I would / should / might / could + do “要不是……，我现在就……。”（对现在的虚拟） If it had not been for…, I would / should / might / could + have done. “要不是……，我当时就……。”（对过去的虚拟） 2) It is important / necessary / natural / strange …+ 从句 It is a shame / pity / no wonder…+ 从句. 以上从句谓语动词皆为：(should) do 3) had hoped / expected / intended / planned /…+ to do 本希望 / 打算做……(但未做成) 巩固练习： 1. If he ______, he ______ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 2. ______ computer not be used tomorrow, it would take us a long time to do the job. A. Should B. Were C. Had D. May 3. The law requires that everyone ______ his car checked at least once a year. A. has