B2U3Grammar.doc

Book2 Unit3 Grammar 制卷人：包丽丽 审核人 过去完成时 一、 过去完成时的构成和形式: had done 二、过去完成时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式的构成与现在完成时一致，只是把助动词have/has改成had 三、 过去完成时的用法 过去完成时表示过去某一时间之前已经完成了的动作，动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，过去完成时常用于： 1. 带“before”,”by”的过去时间短语，主句用过去完成时。 We had reached the railway station before 5 o’clock.我们在5点钟之前已经达到了火车站。 By the end of 2002, this factory had produced 200,000 cars. 到2002年底，这家工厂已经生产了20万辆小汽车。 2. “when”, “before”引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时。 When we got to the cinema, they had sold out the tickets already. 我们到达电影院的时候，他们已经把票卖光了。 The train had already left before we got to the station. 我们到达火车站前，火车已经开走了。 3. 引语变为间接引语时，宾语从句用过去完成时。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：already, yet, still, hardly, scarcely, never等。 He said he had never been to London.他说他从来没去过伦敦。 4. 表达“（未曾实现的）打算或愿望”用plan, intend, mean, want, hope, expect, think, suppose等的过去完成时+不定式的一般式（或that）从句。 He had planned to attend the meeting last Sunday, but an accident happened to him. 他本来打算参加上星期天的会议， 但是一起意外事故碰巧发生在了他身上。 I had hoped to come to your party, but I was too busy. 我本打算参加你的晚会，但太忙了。 5. dly…when…, no sooner…than…引起的句子中，主语常用过去完成时，当hardly, no sooner位于句首时，主句的主谓要倒装。 He had hardly got on the train when the train started out.他一登上火车，火车就开了。 No sooner had he shut his eyes than he got a hard push in his side. 他刚闭上眼睛，就被人狠狠地推了一下。 6. 在“this (it) was the first (second, third…) time that…”句型中，that从句要用过去完成时。 It was the second time that she had been out with him alone. 这是她第二次单独跟他外出。 This was the first time that I had gone abroad. 那是我第一次出国。 【注意】 当含有由before, after, as soon as等连词引导的状语从句的复合句中，由于连词本身可以明确表示动作发生的先后顺序，因此，主语和从句都可用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时。 I went home after I finished my work.完成工作后，我回家了。 Some pupils went out before the bell rang.铃还没有响就有几个同学出去了。 I called him as soon as I arrived.我刚到就给他打了电话。 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 　　从用法上说，一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时则表示过去某一时间以前(即过去的过去)发生的动作或存在的状态。但有时某个动作虽然发生在“过去的过去”，但却也可用一般过去时，如： (1) 当几个过去的动作用and, then, but等连接，且按照动作发生的先后顺序表达时，几个动作均可用一般过去： 　　I bought a radio but lost it. 我买了一部收音机，但丢了。 　　He stood up, took his coat and went out. 他站起身来，拿起外套，然后就出去了。