生产率与效率lecture5生产率的分解--实证研究引言讲述.ppt

Productivity Analysis Lecture 5: Decompositions Introduction to empirical analysis Introduction We have thus far focused on measuring productivity. We next try to ”explain” it by decomposing it to various components. The topic is currently of substantial research interest, and no broad concensus on which decomposition is referable. First let’s have a review on malmquist index * * Review: Output correspondence Illustration y1 y2 P(x) Review: Distance function and Malmquist Index Illustration --Distance function * * Review: Illustration –Malmquist Index y1 y2 P(x) A O B OC/OD Mo = OA/OB C D T0 T1 * * Review: Adjusted on T0 or T1--Illustration OA/OC OA/OD M+ = OB/OE OB/OF y1 y2 P0(x) A O B C D P1(x) F E * * Review: Adjusted on input The classic (’Hicks-Moorsteen’) approach: 产出数量指数 投入数量指数 Question: Input oriented? Similar to out oriented method Is the results same? Need to adjust on measure oriented? You can try it !!!!!!!!!!!!! Next: decomposing malmquist index THE 1st DECOMPOSITION: F?re, Grosskopf, Lindgren, and Roos (1994 [1989]): Productivity Developments in Swedish hospitals: A Malmquist Index Approach, in Charnes et al.: ”Data Envelopment Analysis: Theory, Methodology and Applications”, Kluwer. = efficiency change * technology change Efficiency component The Shephard input and output distance functions are reciprocals of the Farrell (1957) input and output efficiency measures. Also an intimate connection to the Debreu’s (1953) ”coefficient of resource utilization”. The interpretation of the distance function as a measure of technical efficiency is intuitive, and it has established as the most standard efficiency gauge both in theory and applications. Farrell, M. J. (1957): The Measurement of Productive Efficiency, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A 120(3), 253 - 281 Illustrationefficiency change component y x y0 y1 Technology component Measures the prod