2015八年制局解讨论内容汇总.docxVIP

2015下学期局部解剖学讨论内容头面部讨论内容1．腮腺深部肿瘤手术切除时可经口内径路到达病灶，结合腮腺的解剖讨论此径路的优点及手术中要注意保护的结构。（基础知识：腮腺的形态、分部；腮腺的毗邻；穿经腮腺的结构；腮腺床；颞下窝与咽旁间隙的关系）目的：理解局部器官的毗邻关系对临床应用的重要指导意义；增加咽旁间隙的内容（教材上没有述及）。2．垂体肿瘤手术治疗的入路问题（基础知识：垂体的位置、毗邻，颅外不同部位至垂体的层次、经过的结构。可结合不同断层进行讨论）目的：理解并掌握如何利用断层解剖的知识学习重要器官的毗邻关系。3．关于颅脑外伤，你能想到些什么？（基础知识：颅脑基本结构，颅外至颅内的层次，头面部软组织的特点及其临床联系，颅骨薄弱部位，脑的被膜及相关间隙，颅腔的分区及内容物）目的：1）了解外伤（Trauma）的基本概念：Trauma is the study of medical problems associated with physical injury. The injury is the adverse effect of a physical force upon a person. There are a variety of forces that can lead to injury, including thermal, ionising radiation and chemical. However, the force involved in most injuries is mechanical. The subject of trauma therefore centres upon the deleterious effects of kinetic energy on the human frame.2）颅脑外伤为日常生活常见情况，根据头部的基本结构及功能，了解颅脑外伤可能产生的特征性症状，增强理论联系实际的意识。颈部讨论内容：1. 请结合颈部局部解剖知识，分析颈部不同部位锐器伤（刺伤或切割伤）可能损伤哪些结构？导致什么后果？（目的：掌握颈部不同平面器官结构的毗邻关系。建议结合颈部横断解剖分析。）2. Case DiscussionA 35-year-old woman complains of a 2-month history of hoarseness of her voice and some choking while drinking liquids. She denies viral illnesses. She underwent surgery for a cold nodule of the thyroid gland 9 weeks ago. Her only medication is acetaminophen with codeine. ( Cold nodule: A region of the thyroid gland that does not take up hot iodine radioisotope (as visualized with thyroid scintigraphy) because the tissue does not contain follicular thyroid cells.)Question:1) What is the most likely diagnosis?2) What is the anatomical explanation for her symptoms?Object:1) Be able to identify the parts of the thyroid gland.2) Be able to draw branches of the arteries and veins that supply the thyroid gland.3) Be able to identify the main features of the larynx and list features that assist in respiration (phonation) or protect the laryngeal inlet during swallowing.4) Be able to identify the course of the different branches of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve [CN] X) that innervate the larynx.5) Be able to describe the consequences of injury