半导体探测器与气体探测器性能分析毕设论文.doc

半导体探测器与气体探测器 性能分析 专业名称：核工程与核技术 摘要 辐射粒子探测器是粒子物理、核物理、放射性测量等领域研究的重要仪器，可以有效地保证财产和人身安全，而且广泛应用于国民经济和国防等多种领域。气体探测器、闪烁体探测器和半导体探测器是近几十年来先后发展起来的三类主要探测器。 文中详细介绍了半导体探测器和气体探测器的原理，并对相关的设备仪器和放射源做了简短的介绍。半导体探测器可以探测到衰变放射的X射线，气体探测器里面含有放射源，继续使用作为样品，会影响探测器的性能，因此使用锰粉和淀粉配置的样品代替，实验需要进行样品的研磨与压片。分别使用探测器对X射线进行测量并用能谱仪分析能谱，主要研究两种探测器的相关性能，了解它们各自的能量分辨率及其使用范围，目的在于加强对两种探测器的能量分辨率的认识，给人们在以后的工作和学习中一个有益的指导。 关键词 ：半导体探测器 气探测器 能量分辨率  Abstract Radiation particle detector is an important instrument of the research in the field of particle physics, nuclear physics, radioactivity measurements, can effectively ensure the property and personal safety, and are widely used in a variety of areas of the national economy and national defense. Gas, scintillation and semiconductor detectors have been developed three main types of detectors in recent decades. The principle of semiconductor detectors and gas detectors is described in this paper; a brief to the associated apparatus and radioactive sources is introduced. Si-PIN semiconductor detector can detect the X-ray radiation from 55Fe, gas detectors contain 238Pu sources, so use 55Fe as a sample can affect the performance of the detector and use manganese powder and starch samples instead of them, the experiment need to grinding and tabletting sample. The X-ray were measured and analyzed by detector separately and spectrometer was analyzed by energy spectrum, mainly studies two kinds of relative performance, understand their energy resolution and its use range, the principal purpose is to enhance the understanding of the energy resolution of the two detectors, give people a useful guidance for future work and learning. Keywords: semiconductor detector, gas detectors, energy resolution 目录 摘要 I Abstract II 目录 III 前言 1 1探测器概述 3 1.1探测器简介 3 1.2辐射探测器发展历史 3 1.3辐射探测器发展现状 4 2半导体探测器 5 2.1半导体探测器的基本原理 5 2.2半导体探测器的仪器应用 5 3气体探测器 7 3.1气体探测器的基本原理 7 3.2气体探测器的工作区间 8 4实验方案设计 10 4.1实验材料和仪器 10 4.1.1 Si-PIN半导体探测器 10 4.1.2充Xe（或充Ar）薄Be窗窗柱型侧窗正比计数管 11 4.1.3 ADC4096多道γ能谱仪 1