棉秆皮的脱胶处理 大学论文.doc

摘 要 近年来，“环境保护”这个概念越来越受到人们的重视，天然纤维以其易于降解的优点对环境保护有着积极的意义。因此，人们对天然纤维的研究越来越深入广泛。研究棉秆皮纤维化学处理方法可增加棉秆皮资源的广泛利用，同时可以变废为宝，增加纤维材料资源。 本课题按照相关标准测试了棉秆皮的成分，确定了棉秆皮成分中各物质含量的百分比，并且与其他植物纤维成分含量作比较。棉秆皮成分的特点为纤维素含量低，木质素、半纤维素、水溶物含量高，棉秆皮胶质含量比其他植物纤维高。棉秆皮化学处理工艺借鉴了麻类纤维化学脱胶工艺，分别探讨了一煮法、二煮法化学处理工艺。通过对不同方法试验结果的综合评价，确定了棉秆皮化学处理工艺方法为二煮法，具体的工艺流程为：试样准备→浸酸→水洗→一煮→水洗→打纤→水洗→二煮→水洗→酸洗→水洗→抖松→烘干。采用正交实验设计对一煮法、二煮法的工艺条件进行优化，得出一煮的优化条件为：氢氧化钠浓度 8g/L，双氧水浓度 9g/L，浴比1：20，时间 30min，温度100℃；二煮的优化条件为：氢氧化钠浓度12g/L，双氧水浓度17g/L，温度 80℃，时间 60min，浴比1：20。 本文对联合脱胶方法制取的棉秆皮纤维进行了物理机械性能测试，并与麻类纤维及其他一些纤维的性能进行比较。细度与亚麻、黄麻、菠萝叶纤维接近，比大麻、香蕉纤维、桑皮纤维、竹纤维的大；断裂强度与亚麻接近，比黄麻、竹纤维高，其断裂伸长率较高. 关键词：棉秆皮纤维，化学处理工艺，纤维性能，纤维结构 ABSTRACT Recently, people have been thinking much of importance of environment protection. The good degradation of natural fiber benefits environmental protection.So, people have spent more and more time on it. It is a new method of natural fibre development to study on chemical treatment of cotton-straw peel fiber .The development of cotton-straw peel fiber resources not only can recycle the waste,but increase fiber material resource as well. In this paper, the component of cotton-straw peel was tested according tothe related standards. It was got that the cellulose content compared with othervegetablefiber`s component, the cotton-straw peel was lower, the content ofcolloid, hemi-cellulose, water soluable and the gum grease of cotton-straw peelwas higher than other vegetable fiber. The chemical degumming of Bast fiberwas used as reference to investigation the chemical treatment of cotton--strawpeel. The chemical treatments such as first boiling, second boiling and refiningafter second were studied. Through the sythentic evaluation of peelresult, itwas obtained that second boling method was regard as. The processing routewas following as: sample→acidsoak→washing→first boiling→ washing→hiting→washing→second boiling→washing→acid washing→washing→loosing→dryingMore over, Orthogonal experimental design and fuzzy evalu