压裂液体系毕设论文.doc

09级钻井技术（修井技术专门化）专业 毕业设计（论文） 题目：压裂液体系 学 号： 姓 名： 专 业： 钻井技术(修井技术专门化) 班 级： 0 9级钻井3班 指导教师： 赵威 完成时间： 2012 3 月 20日 摘 要 水力压裂是油、气井增产技术中应用最广泛的措施之一，特别是对低渗透率地层的井进行压裂处理.大多数聚合物压裂液都是由天然生物聚合物组成的, 瓜胶及其衍生物可能占了所有凝胶压裂液的90 % , 然而还有许多其它的生物聚合物、合成聚合物以及表面活性剂 , 可以作为压裂液结构单元的某种特殊用途。本文所述的工作集中在用于配制地层常规瓜胶.压裂液. 本文针对瓜胶压裂液的交联和破胶性能进行分析与评价，确定各影响因素对瓜胶压裂液交联和破胶性能的影响。其中硼砂与羧丙基瓜尔胶的交联机理为：硼砂和半乳甘露聚糖中的临位顺式羧基通过配价键交联起来的，破胶机理是在一定温度下，过硫酸盐与水反应产生的酸降低冻胶pH值，共同破坏冻胶结构. 交联剂的交联反应一般是可逆的，这主要受温度和pH值的影响。交联剂、稠化剂用量也影响瓜胶压裂液的交联效果。过硫酸铵的分解主要受温度，pH值等的影响。破胶剂的加量也影响瓜胶压裂液的破胶效果。本次室内实验就以上影响因素进行研究。 关键词：瓜胶压裂液；交联机理；破胶机理；性能 Abstract Hydraulic fracturing is oil, gas well production technology in the most extensive application of one of the measures, especially for the low penetration rate formation wells fracturing treatment.Most polymer-based fracturing fluids are built from naturally, occurring biopolymers. Guar gum and its derivatives account for possibly 90% of all gelled fracturing fluids. There are however, several other biopolymers, synthetic polymers, and surfactants that enjoy some specialty use as building for fracturing fluids. The work described in this paper centers on guar and its derivatives used in formulating conventional fracturing fluids. In this paper, the guar gum fracturing fluid cross-linked and broken plastic performance analysis and evaluation to determine the impact on the guar gum fracturing fluid cross-linked and breaking performance of plastic. One borax and carboxymethyl propyl guar gum for the cross-linking mechanism: borax and galactomannan in the clinical-cis-C bond passed with cross-linked together, the mechanism is broken plastic under certain temperature, the sulfate Reaction with water to reduce the acid gel pH value, common damage gel structure.  Crosslinker of cross-linking reaction is generally irreversible, mainly temperature and pH effects. Crosslinker, thickening agent also affected the amount of guar gum fracturing