并联电梯的微机控制系统设计 大学学位论文.doc

并联电梯的微机控制系统（硬件） 摘要 单片机作为一种性能价格比良好的计算机，在当今各个领域得到广泛的应用，而电梯也已成为现代生活的必要设备。随着高层建筑的逐渐增多，电梯已经成为人们频繁使用的垂直运输工具。电梯运行的可靠性、安全性、舒适感显得越来越重要。 本次调速电梯的单片机控制系统就是根据这些要求设计的。整个系统分为两个部分： 第一部分为电梯的拖动系统。该系统采用变压变频调速控制，应用了比较先进的变频器。这种控制方式可以提高电梯性能，改善电梯运行指标，节能明显，运行可靠。 第二部分为电梯运行的逻辑控制，采用单片机控制。本次设计提出了电梯的分布式控制结构，将电梯的控制功能分解给并联控制器、主控制器、层站控制器、轿厢控制器分别实现，四者之间采用RS-485连接实现信息的传递。这种结构简化了电梯控制系统的设计，实现了模块化、电缆插接化，大大降低了成本和维护费用。 关键词　　电梯；单片机；分布式控制；RS-485；并联控制 The Elevators System Controlled By The Single-chip Microcomputer Abstract The development of single-chip microcomputer is very fast present at control in industry. Following high-building gradual mounting, the elevators have been the frequent using vertical conveyances for people. The credibility, safety, softness seem more important and more for elevators running. This single-chip microcomputer control system of the speed regulating elevators was designed for this reason. The whole system was divided into two. The first is the drive system of elevators. This system adopted AC variable voltage variable frequency speed regulating control and applied the more advanced frequency converter. It improved the capacity of elevators and advanced the running quality of elevators. It is obvious for saving energy, and it credibility for running. The second is the logical control of the elevator running, and it used the single chip. The distributed control architecture for elevator is presented. The control system is divided into group controller, main controller, floor controller and car controller, among which information is transferred via the RS-485 bus. The architecture simplifies the design process of elevator and modularizes the control system, so the cost and maintenance fee are deceased significantly. Keywords　 elevator; Single-chip microcomputer; distributed control; RS-485roup control 目录 摘要…… I Abstract II 第1章 绪论 1 1.1 概述 1 1.1.1 现代化的建筑离不开电梯 1 1.1.2 电梯的历史和发展 1 1.1.3 我国电梯业的现状 3 1.2 电梯的定义与分类 4 1.2.1 电梯的定义 4 1.2.2 电梯的分类 4 1.3 电梯的基本结构 5 1.3.1 曳引系统 5 1.3.