第7章消费者,生产者和市场效率讲述.ppt

人体器官市场是否应该存在 批评者：担心公平的问题 受益于穷人的富人 现行制度：是否公平？ 有些人有额外的肾，他们不需要 其他人都渴望得到一个肾 ? 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. * 市场效率与市场失灵 供需的力量 有效地分配资源 关于市场如何工作的几点设想 市场是完全竞争的 市场中的结果只对买卖双方产生影响 ? 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. * 市场效率与市场失灵 当这些假设不成立 “市场均衡是有效的”可能不再是真实的 在世界上，竞争还远远没有完善 市场力量 一个买者或卖者（小团体） 控制市场价格 市场效率低下 ? 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. * 市场效率与市场失灵 在世界中 买卖双方的决策 影响不是在市场上的人 在市场上的外部性造成的福利取决于买方和卖者的价值 市场均衡可能是无效率的--从社会的角度看 ? 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. * 市场效率与市场失灵 市场失灵 市场力量和外部性 一些不受管制的市场无法有效地分配资源 公共政策 有可能解决问题，提高经济效益 ? 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. * 消费者剩余 支付意愿 买方愿意为某种物品支付的最高量 买者对物品的评价 消费者剩余 买方愿意一种物品支付的量减去实际支付的量 支付的意愿减去实际支付量 ? 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website