第9讲非谓语形式讲述.ppt

第9讲　非谓语形式  非谓语形式:不定式、ing形式或ed形式。 (一)动词不定式 动词不定式的基本形式为： to do(肯定)，not to do(否定) 1．作主语 常用it作形式主语置于句首，真正的动词不定式主语放在后面。 It’s + adj. + for/ of sb to do sth. ing形式也可作主语，区别不大，但一般置于句首。 Cooking is for mums. 2．作表语 ing形式也可作表语，常表一般的、抽象的动作，但区别不大。 The nurses job is looking after the patients. Seeing is believing. 3．作宾语 不定式和ing形式都可作宾语，主要区别如下： (1) decide, agree, would like, hope, plan, learn, seem, ask, choose, fail +to do (2) 介词以及enjoy, finish, practice, mind, stand, miss, keep, consider, suggest, feel like, give up, put off, be busy等动词后须用ing形式作宾语。 (3)在stop，go, remember, forget, regret, want, need, mean, cant help, try 等动词(短语)后接不定式和ing形式意义有区别，具体如下： (4)注意：在“find/feel/think＋adj.＋to do sth.”句型中，it是形式宾语，“to do sth.”是真正的宾语。 (5)在love, like, begin, start, hate, prefer, continue等动词后，既可以接不定 式，也可以接ing形式作宾语，且意思基本一样。 注意：like doing指经常性的动作， 而like to do指一次性的动作。 I like swimming, but I dont like to swim now. 4．作宾语补足语 (1)在tell, ask, want, order, teach, invite, wish, warn, help, get等动词后常接 不定式作宾补，即“...sb.(not)to do sth.”。 其中，help后的to可以省略。 (2)使役性动词let, make，have和感官动词feel, listen to, hear, look at, watch, see, notice常接不带to的动词不定式作宾补，即“...sb.(not)do sth.”。 注意：若变被动语态，上述结构中的不定式要加上to。 5．作定语 动词不定式作定语时，放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。 注意介词 They have no house to live in. Have you got any pens to write with? ing形式作定语往往表示正在进行或用途。 There are many sleeping people in the sleeping car. 6．作状语 (1)作目的状语。表示强调用in order to或so as to等。 He will come to see me this Sunday. He ran as fast as he could in order/so as to get there on time. 可将动词不定式放在句首，但放在句首时不能用so as to。 To/In order to catch the early bus, he gets up very early every day. 7．用在疑问词how, when, what, which, where等之后，相当于它们引起的宾 语从句。 I dont know what_to_do_next．＝What I should do next. Can you tell me how_to_use_the_computer? ＝How I can use the computer? 3．常见的需要使用动名词的结构有： be good at doing sth.擅长做某事 be busy(in)doing sth.忙着做某事 cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 dream of/about doing sth.梦见/想着做某事