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Competition between standard and exotic double beta decays
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Competition between standard and exotic double beta decays
C. Barbero?, F. Krmpotic??, A. Mariano?
Departamento de F??sica, Facultad de Ciencias
Universidad Nacional de La Plata, C. C. 67, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
Abstract
We discuss the contributions of higher order terms in weak Hamiltonian to the standard two-neutrino
double beta decay. The formalism for the unique first forbidden transitions has been developed, and
it is shown that they can alter the two-electron energy spectrum. Yet, their effect is too small to
screen the detection of exotic neutrinoless double beta decays, which are candidates for testing the
physics beyond the standard model.
PACS: 13.15+q;14.80;21.60Jz;23.40
?Fellow of the CONICET from Argentina.
The double beta (ββ) experiments furnish a unique window onto whatever new physics may
replace the Standard Electroweak Model (SM). To be observable the new physics should: i) violate
the electron-lepton-number (Le) conservation, that is fulfilled in the SM, and/or ii) fit scalar particles
(currently called Majorons), light enough to be produced in the ββ decay.
The quantity that is used to discern experimentally between the ordinary SM two-neutrino decays
(ββ2ν) and the exotic neutrinoless ββ events, both without (ββ0ν) and with Majoron emissions (ββM),
is the electron energy spectrum dΓ/d? of the decay rate Γ, as a function of the sum ? = ?1+ ?2 of the
energies of the two emitted electrons. The ββ2ν decay exhibit a continuous spectra in the interval
2 ≤ ? ≤ Q, where Q = EI?EF is the released energy. On the other hand, when no new light particles
are created, the Le-violating terms in the weak Lagrangian, that generate a Majorana mass for the
neutrino, can be identified if they produce the ββ0ν decay, with the energy spectrum that is just a
spark at the energy Q. The spectra for the ββM decays are also continuous, but their shapes are
clearly differentiated from that for the ββ2
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