有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站Complete Pseudohole and Heavy-Pseudoparticle Operator Representation for the Hubbard Chain.pdf
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Complete Pseudohole and Heavy-Pseudoparticle Operator Representation for the Hubbard Chain
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Complete Pseudohole and Heavy-Pseudoparticle Operator Representation
for the Hubbard Chain
J. M. P. Carmelo and N. M. R. Peres
Department of Physics, University of E?vora, Apartado 94, P - 7001 E?vora Codex, Portugal
(Received 20 December 1996)
We introduce the pseudohole and heavy-pseudoparticle operator algebra that generates all
Hubbard-chain eigenstates from a single reference vacuum. In addition to the pseudoholes already
introduced for the description of the low-energy physics, this involves the heavy pseudoparticles asso-
ciated with Hamiltonian eigenstates whose energy spectrum has a gap relatively to the many-electron
ground state. We introduce a generalized pseudoparticle perturbation theory which describes the
relevant finite-energy ground state transitions. In the present basis these excitations refer to a small
density of excited pseudoparticles. Our operator basis goes beyond the Bethe-ansatz solution and it
is the suitable and correct starting point for the study of the finite-frequency properties, which are of
great relevance for the understanding of the unusual spectral properties detected in low-dimensional
novel materials.
PACS numbers: 72.15. Nj, 72.90.+y, 05.30. Fk, 03.65. Ca
I. INTRODUCTION
The unusual spectral properties of one-dimensional electronic quantum liquids [1,2] imply that they cannot be
described by one-electron, Fermi-liquid-like models [3,4]. Further, descriptions of these quantum systems in terms
of exotic excitations such as holons and spinons [5,6], or pseudoparticles [7,8,9], have been limited to the low-energy
Hilbert subspace, and both bosonization [1,2] and conformal-field theory techniques [10,11,12,13] also apply only in
that limit. However, low-energy studies cannot describe the finite-frequency properties, which are of great interest
for the understanding of the unusual properties detected in real low-dimensional nov
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