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Computer simulation of language competition by physicists
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Computer simulation of language competition by physicists
Christian Schulze and Dietrich Stauffer
Institute for Theoretical Physics, Cologne University, D-50923 Ko?ln, Euroland
Abstract:
Computer simulation of languages is an old subject, but since the paper
of Abrams and Strogatz (2003) several physics groups independently took up
this field. We shortly review their work and bring more details on our own
simulations.
e-mail: stauffer@thp.uni-koeln.de
1 Introduction
Human languages dististinguish us from other animals, but also birds or ants
have systems of communication. Also, humans have invented alphabets and
other formalized forms of writings. In principle the methods to be described
here could be applied also to these other forms of communication, but mostly
we are interested here in the presently about 104 different human languages
on this planet[1]. We leave it to linguists to distinguish languages from
dialects or language families; when we mention ”language” readers may read
dialect or family instead.
Everyday language contains thousands of words for different aspects of
life, and with the special words of science, medicine, . . . we get much more.
For the same concept of everyday life, each different language in general has
a different word, and thus the number of possible languages is enormous and
difficult to simulate. Things become easier if we look only at grammar; do
we order (subject, object, verb) or (subject, verb, object) or . . .? Briscoe [2]
mentioned about 30 independent binary grammatical choices, which leads
to a manageable 230 ? 109 possible languages, which can be symbolized by
a string of ? = 30 bits. Thus many of the simulations described here use
bit-strings with ? = 8, 16 . . . 64.
The present situation is not in equilibrium; about every ten days a human
language dies out, and in Brazil already more than half of the indigenous
language
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