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Core-Collapse Supernovae and Neutron Star Kicks
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**TITLE**
ASP Conference Series, Vol. **VOLUME***, **YEAR OF PUBLICATION**
**NAMES OF EDITORS**
Core-Collapse Supernovae and Neutron Star Kicks
Dong Lai
Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
Abstract. Recent observations have revealed many new puzzles related
to core-collapse supernovae, including the formation of magnetars and
black holes and their possible GRB connections. We review our current
understanding of the origin of pulsar kicks and supernova asymmetry. It
is argued that neutron star kicks are intimately connected to the other
fundamental parameters of young neutron stars, such as the initial spin
and magnetic field strength.
1. Introduction
The subject of supernovae (SNe) has a long history, but the modern era of
SN research really began in 1934 when Baade and Zwicky made the prophetic
suggestion that the death of massive stars, SN explosions and neutron star (NS)
formation are connected events. This suggestion was confirmed by the discovery
of the pulsar in the Crab supernova remnant (SNR) in 1968; the SN, as is well
known, was actually observed in 1054 by Chinese astronomers.
Today the mechanism of SN explosion remains an unsolved problem. More-
over, observations over the last few years suggest that we may actually know less
than we thought about core collapse and explosion of massive stars. Here we
discuss a small sample of unsolved problems related to SNe and NS formation,
focusing on the problem of NS kicks.
Basic Paradigm for Core-Collapse Supernovae: The current paradigm for
core-collapse supernovae is that they are neutrino-driven (see, e.g., Bethe 1990;
Janka et al. 2001; Burrows Thompson 2002 for reviews): As the central core
of a massive star collapses to nuclear density, it rebounds and sends off a shock
wave, leaving behind a proto-NS. The shock stalls at several 100’s km because of
neutrino loss and nuclear dissociation in the shock. A fracti
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