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Effect of resistant starch on breath-hydrogen and methane.pdf

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Effect of resistant starch on breath-hydrogen and methane

626 Am J Clin Nutr !994;59:626-30. Printed in USA. C 1994 American Society for Clinical Nutrition Effect of resistant starch on breath-hydrogen and methane excretion in healthy volu nteers1 Ivo P van Munster, Hilde M de Boer, Margje C Jansen, Anton F de Haan, Martijn B Katan, Johan M van Amelsvoort, and Fokko M Nagengast ABSTRACT Colonic fermentation of dietary carbohy- drates and fiber might produce a protective effect against the development of large bowel cancer. Resistant starch, ie, starch that escapes small bowel digestion, is a candidate fermentable substrate that has been hitherto little studied. We supple- mented 19 healthy volunteers with 15 g native amylomaize (Hylon-Vil) three times a day, containing 28 g type II resistant starch, or with dextrins as a placebo for 7 d in a crossover design. Pre-experimentally, 11 subjects regularly produced breath methane and 8 did not. Resistant starch increased 24-h integrated excretion of breath hydrogen. The mean rise rela- tive to placebo was 35% (P = 0.03) for all subjects and 60% for eight subjects not producing methane (P = 0.02). The 11 methane producers showed a 93% increase in breath-methane excretion on resistant starch (P = 0.03). Continued consump- tion of 28 g type II resistant starch/d is well tolerated and increases colonic fermentation in healthy volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59:626-30. KEY WORDS Resistant starch, fermentation, hydrogen, methane, colon cancer, human diet, experiment Introduction Starchy foods such as wheat, potatoes, and cassava are the main source of energy in most human diets. Cooking serves to release starch from the granules in which it is stored, and makes it available for digestion. Dietary starch is largely hydrolyzed and absorbed in the small bowel but a part is resistant to digestion, depending on the processing and type of starch (1-3). This re- sistant starch fraction enters the cecum and is a potential substrate for fermentation (1, 4). Fiber is another important source