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Fermionic R-Operator and Integrability of the One-Dimensional Hubbard Model
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Fermionic R-Operator and Integrability of the
One-Dimensional Hubbard Model
February 1, 2008
Yukiko Umeno ?, Masahiro Shiroishi ?? and Miki Wadati
Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science,
University of Tokyo,
Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
We propose a new type of the Yang-Baxter equation (YBE) and the decorated Yang-
Baxter equation (DYBE). Those relations for the fermionic R-operator were introduced
recently as a tool to treat the integrability of the fermion models. Using the YBE and
the DYBE for the XX fermion model, we construct the fermionic R-operator for the one-
dimensional (1D) Hubbard model. It gives another proof of the integrability of the 1D
Hubbard model. Furthermore a new approach to the SO(4) symmetry of the 1D Hubbard
model is discussed.
KEYWORDS
fermion XY Z model, one-dimensional Hubbard model, fermionic R-operator,
Yang-Baxter equation, SO(4) symmetry
1 Introduction
There have been much interests in strongly correlated electron systems. Among the exactly
solvable ones, the one-dimensional (1D) Hubbard model,
H = ?
N∑
j=1
∑
σ=↑↓
(c?j+1σcjσ + c
?
jσcj+1σ) + U
N∑
j=1
(nj↑ ?
1
2
)(nj↓ ?
1
2
). (1.1)
?
E-mail: umeno@monet.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
??
E-mail: siroisi@monet.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
1
is the most interesting model. Here c?jσ and cjσ are the fermion creation and annihilation
operators and njσ is the fermion number operator,
njσ = c
?
jσcjσ. (1.2)
The parameter U is the coupling constant describing the Coulomb interaction between
electrons with opposite spins on the same site. Lieb and Wu [1] diagonalized the Hamilto-
nian (1.1) by means of the coordinate Bethe ansatz method under the periodic boundary
condition (PBC),
c?N+1,σ = c
?
1σ, cN+1,σ = c1σ, σ =↑↓ . (1.3)
The bulk properties of the 1D Hubbard model have been investigated by analyzing the
associated Bethe ansatz equations. [2]
The integrability of the 1D Hubba
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