Graphene-basedwirelessbacteriadetecti.pdf

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Graphene-basedwirelessbacteriadetecti

ARTICLE nATuRE CommunICATIons | 3:763 | DoI: 10.1038/ncomms1767 | /naturecommunications ? 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. Received 28 Jul 2011 | Accepted 29 Feb 2012 | Published 27 mar 2012 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1767 Direct interfacing of nanosensors onto biomaterials could impact health quality monitoring and adaptive threat detection. Graphene is capable of highly sensitive analyte detection due to its nanoscale nature. Here we show that graphene can be printed onto water-soluble silk. This in turn permits intimate biotransfer of graphene nanosensors onto biomaterials, including tooth enamel. The result is a fully biointerfaced sensing platform, which can be tuned to detect target analytes. For example, via self-assembly of antimicrobial peptides onto graphene, we show bioselective detection of bacteria at single-cell levels. Incorporation of a resonant coil eliminates the need for onboard power and external connections. Combining these elements yields two-tiered interfacing of peptide–graphene nanosensors with biomaterials. In particular, we demonstrate integration onto a tooth for remote monitoring of respiration and bacteria detection in saliva. overall, this strategy of interfacing graphene nanosensors with biomaterials represents a versatile approach for ubiquitous detection of biochemical targets. 1 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA. 3 Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. 4 Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, USA. 5 Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to M.C.M. (email: mcm@). Graphene-based wireless bacte

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