Microfluidics of soft matter investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering.pdf

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Microfluidics of soft matter investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering.pdf

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Microfluidics of soft matter investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering

nanobioscience J. Synchrotron Rad. (2005). 12, 745–750 doi:10.1107/S0909049505013580 745 Journal of Synchrotron Radiation ISSN 0909-0495 Received 15 October 2004 Accepted 28 April 2005 # 2005 International Union of Crystallography Printed in Great Britain – all rights reserved Microfluidics of soft matter investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering Alexander Otten,a Sarah Ko?ster,a,b Bernd Struth,c Anatoly Snigirevc and Thomas Pfohla,b* aApplied Physics Department, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany, bMax Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Bunsenstra?e 10, 37073 Go?ttingen, Germany, and cEuropean Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Horovitz, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble CEDEX, France. E-mail: thomas.pfohl@mpi-sf.mpg.de The combination of X-ray microdiffraction and microfluidics is used to investigate the dynamic behaviour of soft materials. A microfocused X-ray beam enables the observation of the influence of droplet formation on the nanostructure of a smectic liquid crystal in water. Using a hydrodynamic focusing device, the evolution of the intercalation of DNA into multilamellar membranes can be studied. Owing to the elongational flow at the centre of this device, alignment of the material is induced which allows for an improved structural characterization. Furthermore, the influence of strain applied to these materials can be tested. Keywords: dynamics of soft matter; alignment; droplet formation; hydrodynamic focusing; DNA cationic membrane complexes. 1. Introduction Recently, remarkable progress has been achieved in the integration and analysis of chemical and biological processes on the nanolitre scale by using microfluidic handling systems (Beebe et al., 2002; Hansen Quake, 2003). These micro- fluidic systems enable the reduction of sample volumes, shorter reaction and analysis times, high throughput and parallel operations on a single microfabricated chip (‘lab-on-a- chip’). Furthermore, owing to the interesting