Morphological and physiological traits in the success of the invasive plant Lespedeza cuneata.pdf

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Morphological and physiological traits in the success of the invasive plant Lespedeza cuneata.pdf

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Morphological and physiological traits in the success of the invasive plant Lespedeza cuneata

DEDICATED TO WOLFDIETER SCHENK ON OCCASION OF HIS 65TH BIRTHDAY Morphological and physiological traits in the success of the invasive plant Lespedeza cuneata Brady W. Allred ? Samuel D. Fuhlendorf ? Thomas A. Monaco ? Rodney E. Will Received: 12 September 2008 / Accepted: 30 April 2009 / Published online: 17 May 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 Abstract To better understand the strategies and mechanisms of invading plants in tallgrass prairie, physiological and morphological characteristics of the invasive Lespedeza cuneata were compared to the dominant and abundant natives Ambrosia psilostac- hya and Andropogon gerardii. Gas exchange, chlo- rophyll fluorescence, plant water status, and total and specific leaf area were quantified in the field for each species both throughout daily sampling periods and across the growing season. Total and specific leaf area (cm2 g-1 of leaves) exceeded that of native species and may allow L. cuneata to successfully establish and dominate in tallgrass prairie, aiding in both resource acquisition and competitive exclusion. Gas exchange traits (e.g. net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency) of L. cuneata did not exceed other species, but remained constant throughout the daily sampling periods. The daily consistency of net photosynthesis and other gas exchange traits for L. cuneata reveal characteristics of stress tolerance. The combination of these charac- teristics and strategies may assist in the invasion of L. cuneata and also provide insight into general mechanisms responsible for successful invasions into tallgrass prairie. Keywords Competition Tolerance Sericea lespedeza Leaf area Photosynthesis Invasion Tallgrass prairie Introduction Invasive plants are a threat to most ecosystems. Invasions can alter disturbance regimes, biodiversity, ecosystem structure and functions, and agricultural production (D’Antonio and Vitousek 1992; Heywood 1989; Mack et al. 2000; Vitousek et al. 1