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Particle acceleration in rotating and shearing jets from AGN
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Astronomy Astrophysics manuscript no. aas February 2, 2008
(DOI: will be inserted by hand later)
Particle acceleration in rotating and shearing jets from AGN
F. M. Rieger1,2 and K. Mannheim1
1 Institut fu?r Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik der Universita?t Wu?rzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wu?rzburg
e-mail: mannheim@astro.uni-wuerzburg.de
2 Universita?ts-Sternwarte Go?ttingen, Geismarlandstr. 11, D-37083 Go?ttingen
e-mail: frieger@uni-sw.gwdg.de
Received 18 March 2002; accepted 26 September 2002
Abstract. We model the acceleration of energetic particles due to shear and centrifugal effects in rotating astro-
physical jets. The appropriate equation describing the diffusive transport of energetic particles in a collisionless,
rotating background flow is derived and analytical steady state solutions are discussed. In particular, by consider-
ing velocity profiles from rigid, over flat to Keplerian rotation, the effects of centrifugal and shear acceleration of
particles scattered by magnetic inhomogeneities are distinguished. In the case where shear acceleration dominates,
it is confirmed that power law particle momentum solutions f(p) ∝ p?(3+α) exist, if the mean scattering time
τc ∝ p
α is an increasing function of momentum. We show that for a more complex interplay between shear and
centrifugal acceleration, the recovered power law momentum spectra might be significantly steeper but flatten
with increasing azimuthal velocity due to the increasing centrifugal effects. The possible relevance of shear and
centrifugal acceleration for the observed extended emission in AGN is demonstrated for the case of the jet in the
quasar 3C273.
Key words. Acceleration of particles – Galaxies: active – Galaxies: jets
1. Introduction
Astrophysical jets emerge from a variety of astrophysi-
cal sources, ranging from protostellar objects, to micro-
quasars, active galactic nuclei (AGN) and probably
Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB
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