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Simulation of fluid slip at 3D hydrophobic microchannel walls by the lattice Boltzmann meth.pdf

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Simulation of fluid slip at 3D hydrophobic microchannel walls by the lattice Boltzmann meth

Journal of Computational Physics 202 (2005) 181–195 /locate/jcpSimulation of fluid slip at 3D hydrophobic microchannel walls by the lattice Boltzmann method q Luoding Zhu a,*, Derek Tretheway b, Linda Petzold a,b, Carl Meinhart b a Department of Computer Science, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA b Department of Mechanical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA Received 15 September 2003; received in revised form 15 April 2004; accepted 5 July 2004 Available online 14 August 2004Abstract Fluid slip along hydrophobic microchannel walls has been observed experimentally by Tretheway and Meinhart [Phys. Fluids, 14 (3) (2002) L9]. In this paper, we show how fluid slip can be modeled by the lattice Boltzmann method and investigate a proposed mechanism for the apparent fluid slip [Phys. Fluids (2003)]. By applying an exponentially decaying hydrophobic repulsive force of 4 · 103 dyn/cm3 with a decay length of 6.5 nm, an effective fluid slip of 9% of the main stream velocity is obtained. The result is consistent with experimental l-PIV data and with the proposed mechanism. 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Fluid slip; Slip boundary condition; Hydrophobicity; Microfluidic; Lattice Boltzmann method1. Introduction In classical fluid mechanics, the assumption of no-slip at a solid boundary is used as the boundary con- dition for viscous flows at rigid walls. However, for flows at micro- and nanoscales, this assumption may no longer be accurate. Many researchers have investigated the fluid slip phenomenon [3–12,14,21]. Choi et al. [3] investigated experimentally the slip effects of water flow in hydrophilic/hydrophobic microchannels and found the slip length to vary approximately linearly with the flow shear rate. Lumma et al. [4] measured the flow profile near a wall by double-focus fluorescence cross-correlation; their analysis yields a large apparent fluid slip at