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Simulations of Large-Scale Structure in the New Millennium.pdf

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Simulations of Large-Scale Structure in the New Millennium

a r X i v : a s t r o - p h / 0 3 1 1 5 7 5 v 1 2 5 N o v 2 0 0 3 **TITLE** ASP Conference Series, Vol. **VOLUME***, **YEAR OF PUBLICATION** **NAMES OF EDITORS** Simulations of Large-Scale Structure in the New Millennium Yasushi Suto Department of Physics, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan Abstract. Simulations of large-scale structure in the universe have played a vital role in observational cosmology since 1980’s in particular. Their important role will definitely continue to be true in the 21st century. Rather the requirements for simulations in the precision cosmology era will become more progressively demanding; they are supposed to fill the missing link in an accurate and reliable manner between the “initial” con- dition at z=1000 revealed by WMAP and the galaxy/quasar distribution at z=0 - 6 surveyed by 2dF and SDSS. In this review, I will summarize what we have learned so far from the previous cosmological simulations, and discuss several remaining problems for the new millennium. 1. Introduction: evolution of cosmological simulations Cosmological N -body simulations started in late 1970’s, and since then have played an important part in describing and understanding the nonlinear gravi- tational clustering in the universe. As far as I know, the cosmological N-body simulation in a comoving periodic cube, which is quite conventional now, was performed for the first time by Miyoshi Kihara (1975) usingN = 400 particles. Figure 1 plots the evolution of the number of particles employed in cosmologi- cal N-body simulations. Here I consider only the “high-resolution” simulations including Particle-Particle, Particle-Particle–Particle-Mesh, and tree algorithms which are published in refereed journals (excluding, e.g., conference proceed- ings). I found that the evolution is well fitted by N = 400× 100.215(Year?1975), (1) where the amplitude is normalized to the work of Miyoshi Kihara (1975). Just for comparison, the total number