Simultaneous determination of red and yellow artificial food colourants and carotenoid pigments.pdf

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Simultaneous determination of red and yellow artificial food colourants and carotenoid pigments.pdf

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Simultaneous determination of red and yellow artificial food colourants and carotenoid pigments

Food Chemistry 157 (2014) 553–558Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Food Chemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier .com/locate / foodchemAnalytical MethodsSimultaneous determination of red and yellow artificial food colourants and carotenoid pigments in food products/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.039 0308-8146/ 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ? Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 225 578 5280; fax: +1 225 578 5300. E-mail address: zxu@ (Z. Xu).Yixiao Shen a, Xiumei Zhang b, Witoon Prinyawiwatkul a, Zhimin Xu a,? a School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA b The Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology of Ministry of Agriculture, The South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Zhanjiang, Chinaa r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 29 March 2013 Received in revised form 4 February 2014 Accepted 11 February 2014 Available online 26 February 2014 Keywords: Colourants Pigments Carotenoids Ultrasound-assisted extraction HPLCa b s t r a c t A method for simultaneously determining four artificial food colourants [Red Nos. 2 (R2) and 40 (R40), Yellow Nos. 5 (Y5) and 6 (Y6)] and three carotenoids [lycopene, lutein, and b-carotene] was developed. They were successfully separated by the developed high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method combined with a photo diode array detector. The detection limit (at signal to noise 4) was from the low- est of 0.2 ng/mL for lutein to the highest of 50.0 ng/mL for R40. With a two-phase solvent and ultrasound- assisted extraction, the recoveries of the artificial and natural pigments in fifteen different types of food products were between 80.5–97.2% and 80.1–98.4%, respectively. This HPLC method with the ultrasound- assisted extraction protocol could be used as a sensitive and reliable analysis technique in simultaneously identifying and quantifying the reddish and yellowish pigments in different f