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Small Angle Polarization in High Energy P--P Scattering Through Nonperturbative Chiral Symm.pdf

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Small Angle Polarization in High Energy P--P Scattering Through Nonperturbative Chiral Symm

a r X i v : h e p - p h / 9 2 1 1 2 2 1 v 1 6 N o v 1 9 9 2 DFTT 62/92 October 1992 SMALL ANGLE POLARIZATION IN HIGH ENERGY P–P SCATTERING THROUGH NONPERTURBATIVE CHIRAL SYMMETRY BREAKING Mauro Anselminoa,b and Stefano Forteb Dipartimento di Fisica Teorica, Universita? di Torinoa and I.N.F.N., Sezione di Torinob via P. Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy ABSTRACT We show that a large anomalous contribution due to nonperturbative instanton-like gluonic field configurations to the axial charge of the proton implies high-energy spin effects in p? p elastic scattering. This is the same mechanism which is responsible for anomalous baryon number violation at high energy in the standard model. We compute the proton polarization due to these effects and we show that it is propor- tional to the center-of-mass scattering angle with a universal (energy-independent) slope of order unity. Submitted to: Physical Review Letters 0 There are many indications, both experimental and theoretical,(1) that perturbative techniques may be insufficient to account for spin effects, even at high energy. It has been suggested (2,3) that the so-called “proton spin” problem(4) may be such an instance. Namely, the observed smallness of the axial charge of the proton may be due to a cancella- tion between the axial charge of quarks, which are expected to carry most of the proton’s helicity, and a chirality-violating contribution triggered by the axial anomaly through the nonperturbative gluon configurations required to solve the U(1) problem.(5?7) This implies that, even at high energy, chiral symmetry can be violated in the strong interactions, and entails the possibility of unusual polarization effects. It is the purpose of this paper to describe one such effect. We shall compute the effec- tive pseudoscalar (helicity-flipping) nucleon-nucleon-n gluon interaction which is induced by the coupling of the nucleon to instanton vacuum configurations, analogously to what is done in treatments of bary