sovereignty.doc

Sovereignty In a substantive term: supreme authority over some polity. The concept of sovereignty has been discussed throughout history. The current notion of state sovereignty contains four aspects consisting of: territory, population, authority and recognition. 穌omestic sovereignty—actual control over a state exercised by an authority organized within this state. 穒nterdependence sovereigntyg—actual control of movement across state’s borders, assuming the border exist. 穒nternational legal sovereignty —formal recognition by other sovereignty states ?Westphalia sovereignty—lack of other authority over state than the domestic authority. (such as a non-domestic political organization) Sovereignty is more than anything else a matter of legitimacy which requires reciprocal recognition. History Classical The imperium(绝对权) of the people is transferred to the Emperor. The Emperor is not bound by the law. The Emperor’s word is law. Emperor is the law making and abiding(遵守) force. Medieval(中世纪) Medieval monarchs（君主） were not sovereign, because they were constrained by, and shared power with, their feudal aristocracy.（封建贵族） Sovereignty existed during the Medieval Period as the rights of nobility and royalty, and individuals to make their own choices in life. Reformation(改革) Sovereignty reemerged as a concept in the late 16th century, a time when civil wars had created a craving for stronger central authority, when monarchs had begun to gather power onto their own hand at the expense of the nobility, and the modern nation state was emerging. 在十六世纪，主权这一概念再一次出现。在这个时期，内战激发了创设更加强大的中央政府的渴望，君主开始以贵族阶级的代价，将权利收回手中。这时，现代民族国家的意识也开始出现。 Bodin called for strong central authority in the form of absolute monarchy. (不知道各位还有没有印象，这个周傻讲过)Bodin argued that it is inherent in the nature of the state that sovereignty must be: ·Absolute: Sovereignty must be hedged in with obligations and conditions, must be able to legislate without his subject consent. 主权必须被义务和条件隔开，必须不带有主观的赞同、许可的来制订