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Star cluster survival and compressive tides in Antennae-like mergers
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Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 000, 000–000 (0000) Printed 17 September 2008 (MN LATEX style file v2.2)
Star cluster survival and compressive tides in
Antennae-like mergers
F. Renaud1,2 C. M. Boily1, J.-J. Fleck1, T. Naab3 and Ch. Theis2
1Observatoire astronomique and CNRS UMR 7550, Universite? de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l’Universite?, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
2Institut fu?r Astronomie der Univ. Wien, Tu?rkenschanzstr. 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
3University Observatory, Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany
Accepted 15 September 2008
ABSTRACT
Gravitational tides are widely understood to strip and destroy galactic substructures.
In the course of a galaxy merger, however, transient totally compressive tides may
develop and prevent star forming regions from dissolving, after they condensed to
form clusters of stars. We study the statistics of such compressive modes in an N-
body model of the galaxy merger NGC 4038/39 (the Antennae) and show that ? 15%
of the disc material undergoes compressive tides at pericentre. The spatial distribution
of observed young clusters in the overlap and nuclear regions of the Antennae matches
surprisingly well the location of compressive tides obtained from simulation data.
Furthermore, the statistics of time intervals spent by individual particles embedded in
a compressive tide yields a log-normal distribution of characteristic time τ ～ 10 Myr,
comparable to star cluster formation timescales. We argue that this generic process
is operative in galaxy mergers at all redshifts and possibly enhances the formation
of star clusters. We show with a model calculation that this process will prevent the
dissolution of a star cluster during the formation phase, even for a star formation
efficiency ? as low as ～ 10%. The transient nature of compressive tides implies that
clusters may dissolve rapidly once the tidal field switches to the usual disruptive mode.
Key words: gala
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