Stem Cell Niche Structure and Function.pdf

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Stem Cell Niche Structure and Function

ANRV255-CB21-25 ARI 8 September 2005 17:11 Stem Cell Niche: Structure and Function Linheng Li and Ting Xie Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110; email: lil@, tgx@ Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 2005. 21:605–31 First published online as a Review in Advance on July 1, 2005 The Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology is online at doi: 10.1146/ annurev.cellbio.21.012704.131525 Copyright c? 2005 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved 1081-0706/05/1110- 0605$20.00 Key Words adult stem cell, self-renewal, differentiation, multipotentiality, signaling Abstract Adult tissue-specific stem cells have the capacity to self-renew and generate functional differentiated cells that replenish lost cells throughout an organism’s lifetime. Studies on stem cells from di- verse systems have shown that stem cell function is controlled by extracellular cues from the niche and by intrinsic genetic programs within the stem cell. Here, we review the remarkable progress re- cently made in research regarding the stem cell niche. We compare the differences and commonalities of different stem cell niches in Drosophila ovary/testis and Caenorhabditis elegans distal tip, as well as in mammalian bone marrow, skin/hair follicle, intestine, brain, and testis. On the basis of this comparison, we summarize the common features, structure, and functions of the stem cell niche and highlight important niche signals that are conserved from Drosophila to mam- mals. We hope this comparative summary defines the basic elements of the stem cell niche, providing guiding principles for identification of the niche in other systems and pointing to areas for future studies. 605 A n n u . R e v . C e l l . D e v . B i o l . 2 0 0 5 .2 1 : 6 0 5 - 6 3 1 . D o w n l o a d e d f r o m a r j o u r n a l s .a n n u a l r e v i e w s .o r g b y S t o w e r s I n s t i t u t e o n 1 0 / 1 1 / 0 5 . F o r p e r s o n a l u s e o n l y . ANRV255-CB21-25 ARI 8 September 2005 17:

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