Susceptibility of the woolly apple aphid parasitoid,Aphelinus mali , to pesticides used apple Israel.pdf

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Susceptibility of the woolly apple aphid parasitoid,Aphelinus mali , to pesticides used apple Israel.pdf

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Susceptibility of the woolly apple aphid parasitoid,Aphelinus mali , to pesticides used apple Israel

ENTOMOPHAGA 41 (2), 1996, 225-233 S U S C E P T I B I L I T Y O F T H E W O O L L Y A P P L E A P H I D P A R A S I T O I D , APHELINUS MALl (HYM.: APHELINIDAE), T O C O M M O N P E S T I C I D E S U S E D I N A P P L E O R C H A R D S I N I S R A E L H. COHEN (), A. R. HOROWrrz (a), D. NESTEL (2. 3) D. ROSEN ( ) (1) Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel. (2) Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel. The effects of one acaricide (cyhexatin), two fungicides (penconazole and sulfur), and six insecticides (azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, pirimi- carb, triazamate and vamidothion) on the adult stage of the parasitoid Aphelinus mali (Haldeman), a parasite of the woolly apple aphid Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), were investigated under laboratory conditions. Chlorpyrifos (an or- ganophosphorus insecticide-OP) was found to be highly toxic to the adult wasps. Vamidothion (OP) was more toxic to the parasitoid than azinphos-methyl (OP). On the other hand, both chlorpyrifos and azinphos-methyl were found to be harmless to the immature stages of the parasitoid in a test conducted under semi-field conditions. Of the other insecticides, imidacloprid was more toxic to the adult parasitoid than pirimicarb and triazamate. Neither cyhexatin nor penconazole had a considerable toxic effect upon the parasitoid. In contrast, sulfur was found to be moderately toxic to the parasitoid under laboratory conditions, as well as in a field survey in which we followed populations of E. lanigerum and A. mali parasitiza- tion in sulfur-treated plots, and in a plot treated with Ampelomyces quisqualis Ces., a fungus antagonist to powdery mildew. The implications of these results to IPM programs of apple orchards in Israel are discussed. KEY-WORDS: Aphelinus mali, Eriosoma lanigerum, pesticides, IPM. The woolly