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Validating and mapping surface water temperatures in Lake Taihu results from MODIS
1230 IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING, VOL. 8, NO. 3, MARCH 2015
Validating and Mapping Surface Water Temperatures
in Lake Taihu: Results From MODIS Land
Surface Temperature Products
Gang Liu, Weixin Ou, Yunlin Zhang, Tingfeng Wu, Guangwei Zhu, Kun Shi, and Boqiang Qin
Abstract—Data from four in situ high-frequency monitoring
sites in Lake Taihu, China were used to 1) assess the accuracy of
MODIS land surface temperature (LST) products; 2) characterize
the spatial and temporal variability in lake surface water temper-
ature (LSWT) with Aqua MODIS thermal-infrared imagery; and
3) explore the causes of these variations. The validation showed
that MODIS-derived LSWTs and in situ water temperatures were
significantly correlated, with a coefficient of determination higher
than 0.96 and a root mean square error between 1.2?C and
1.8?C. These results indicate MODIS LST products can be used
to assess the spatial and temporal thermal behavior of Lake Taihu.
A spatial analysis of daytime LSWT showed different thermal
zones along the lake due to the differential heat storage capac-
ity between the deep and shallow regions of the lake, such as the
littoral and East Lake Taihu. In contrast, the nighttime LSWT
showed little variation, and there was a uniform surface water
temperature. Following a change in solar radiation, the annual
cycle of the average LSWT (with a nearly 24?C range) started to
increase in January and peaked in July. In Lake Taihu, the mean
nighttime LSWT from July to September rapidly warmed over the
period of 2002–2013 at an average rate of 0.059 ± 0.053?C/year.
Our study promotes the use of MODIS LST products in lim-
nology through a validation using a large amount of real-time
synchronous water temperature data based on high-frequency
observations, which were seldom used in previous studies.
Index Terms—Lake surface water temperature (LSWT), lake
Taihu, MODIS, spatio-temporal variability, validation.
Manuscrip
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