Variational Integrators and the Newmark Algorithm for Conservative and Dissipative Mechanic.pdf

Variational Integrators and the Newmark Algorithm for Conservative and Dissipative Mechanic.pdf

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Variational Integrators and the Newmark Algorithm for Conservative and Dissipative Mechanic

Variational Integrators and the NewmarkAlgorithm for Conservative and DissipativeMechanical SystemsC. KaneGraduate Aeronautical Laboratories and CDSCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA 91125kane@cds.caltech.eduJ. E. MarsdenCDS 107-81California Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA 91125marsden@cds.caltech.eduM. OrtizGraduate Aeronautical LaboratoriesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA 91125ortiz@madrid.caltech.eduM. WestCDS 107-81California Institute of TechnologyPasadena, CA 91125mwest@cds.caltech.eduMarch, 1999, This version: November 25, 1999 1 AbstractThe purpose of this work is twofold. First, we demonstrate analyt-ically that the classical Newmark family as well as related integrationalgorithms are variational in the sense of the Veselov formulation ofdiscrete mechanics. Such variational algorithms are well known to besymplectic and momentum preserving and to often have excellent globalenergy behavior. This analytical result is veri ed through numerical ex-amples and is believed to be one of the primary reasons that this classof algorithms performs so well.Second, we develop algorithms for mechanical systems with forcing,and in particular, for dissipative systems. In this case, we develop inte-grators that are based on a discretization of the Lagrange dAlembertprinciple as well as on a variational formulation of dissipation. It isdemonstrated that these types of structured integrators have good nu-merical behavior in terms of obtaining the correct amounts by whichthe energy changes over the integration run.Contents1 Introduction and Background 31.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.2 Background on Geometric Integrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Variational Integrators 62.1 A Review of Variational Integrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.2 Construction of Mechanical Integrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.3 Representations of Variational Integrators . . . . . . . . . . . 113 The Newmark Algorit

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