Voxel-based morphometry.pdf

Voxel-based morphometry Floris de Lange, INSERM U562 Paris, France florisdelange@ Phrenology – the principles 1. The brain is the organ of the mind. 2. The mind is composed of multiple distinct, innate faculties. 3. Because they are distinct, each faculty must have a separate seat or organ in the brain. 4. The size of an organ is a measure of its power. 5. The shape of the brain is determined by the development of the various organs. 6. As the skull takes its shape from the brain, the surface of the skull can be read as an accurate index of psychological aptitudes and tendencies. (Franz-Joseph Gall, 1796) Phrenology revisited 1. The brain is the organ of the mind. 2. The mind is composed of multiple distinct, innate faculties. 3. Because they are distinct, each faculty must have a separate seat or organ in the brain. 4. The size of an organ is a measure of its power. 5. The shape of the brain is determined by the development of the various organs. 6. As the skull takes its shape from the brain, the surface of the skull can be read as an accurate index of psychological aptitudes and tendencies. From phrenology .. To morphology MRI scanner, + 2000Psychograph, + 1920 Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) ? High-resolution structural MR images are obtained from different populations (eg depressed vs healthy) or at different time points (e.g. pre- training, post-training) ? These images are segmented in grey matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid ? A statistical procedure (e.g. T-test) is used for each region of the brain to test for differences in grey or white matter concentration between populations or time points Hippocampal atrophy in depression Bell-McGinty et al., Am J Psych 2002 Reduced ACC in PTSD Yamasue et al., PNAS 2003 More grey matter in musicians Gaser et al., JNS 2003 Dynamic VBM: learning to juggle Draganski et al., Nature 2004 Dynamic VBM: CBT de Lange et al., Brain 2008 VBM: a cookbook recipe 1.Obtain high-resolution T1-weighted images