再议中国近海小黄鱼种群的划分问题.pdf

再议中国近海小黄鱼种群的划分问题* 徐兆礼 **摇 陈佳杰 (中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室, 上海 200090) 摘摇 要摇 以往认为,中国近海小黄鱼可划分为 3 个种群.本研究从地理隔离、数量动态、形态 解剖,分子遗传学和海洋水文等不同方面,重新审视了我国近海小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis Bleeker)种群的划分问题.研究表明:中国近海小黄鱼仅仅存在两个种群,即黄海南部和东海 小黄鱼种群及渤海和黄海北部小黄鱼种群.主要证据有三:其一,分析 1965 年至今小黄鱼不 同种群形态解剖学和分子遗传学重要文献,发现这些文献的结果仅仅支持黄海南部和东海小 黄鱼是一个种群的结论;其二,依据 1971—1982 年我国 10 多个主要渔业公司小黄鱼捕捞统 计资料,黄海南部和东海的小黄鱼在地理分布上几乎不存在隔离的现象.在冬季外海,黄海南 部和东海小黄鱼栖息于同一个越冬场.进入春季后,它们从该越冬场分别向舟山渔场、鱼山渔 场和吕泗渔场产卵洄游.同时,东海南部近海越冬场的小黄鱼向北作产卵洄游,在舟山渔场汇 入外海来的小黄鱼鱼群中.从 5—8 月,黄海南部至东海仅存在一个小黄鱼索饵群体.而黄海 北部和渤海小黄鱼群体与上述群体存在明显的地理隔离;其三,黄海南部和东海,近年来小黄 鱼产量增长趋势一致,而同期的渤海和黄海北部小黄鱼资源量恢复不大. 关键词摇 小黄鱼摇 种群划分摇 捕捞统计摇 中国近海 *我国近海海洋综合评价项目(908鄄02鄄01鄄03)和国家自然科学基金重点项目资助. **通讯作者. E鄄mail: xiaomin@ sh163. com 2010鄄03鄄12 收稿,2010鄄08鄄09 接受. 文章编号摇 1001-9332(2010)11-2856-09摇 中图分类号摇 S922. 3摇 文献标识码摇 A Population division of Larimichthys polyactis in China Sea. XU Zhao鄄li,CHEN Jia鄄jie (Key and Open Laboratory of Marine and Estuary Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture of China, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200090, Chi鄄 na) . 鄄Chin. J. Appl. Ecol. ,2010,21(11): 2856-2864. Abstract: Previous approaches prevalently believed that there were three populations of Larimichthy spolyactis existed in China Sea. To clarify the number of the populations, an improved approach wasadopted in this paper, based on the suite of methodologies including geographical isolation, popula鄄tion dynamics, morphology, anatomy, and molecular genetics. In our finding, there were twoinstead of three L. polyactis populations in the China Sea, one in Northern Yellow Sea and BohaiSea, and the other in Southern Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Three evidences were against tradi鄄tional approaches. Firstly, the traditional division was not supported by morphology, anatomy, andmolecular genetics evidences. Secondly, in accordance with our study by referring the 1971-1982fishing yield statistics from 14 major fishery companies in China, the geographic