印度农业政策：对未来可持续发展所带来挑战的适应能力.pdf

1 AGRICULTURAL POLICIES IN INDIA: ADAPTABLE TO SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES Satish Chander Director General The Fertiliser Association of India New Delhi BASIC FACTS ABOUT INDIAN AGRICULTURE 2 Total Geographical Area 329 million hectares ? Net Area sown 141 million hectares ? Gross cropped area 195 million hectares ? Cropping Intensity 138 % ? Percentage area under Irrigation 45 % ? Rainfall - Average 1100 mm - Range 300 – 3000 mm ? Operational holdings 129 million - Small marginal 83% ( 2 hectares) INDIAN AGRICULTURE - BASIC FACTS ? 2nd largest producer of rice, wheat, groundnut, sugarcane, tea, fruits vegetables and seed cotton ? Largest producer of pulses, jute fibre, mango, banana, spices, cashew, arecanut, papaya, sapota, milk, etc. Agriculture contributes: ? 19% to GDP (At current prices) ? 11% of total exports ? More than half of India’s workforce is employed in its agriculture sector ? Growth of other sectors and overall economy depends on performance of agriculture to a considerable extent. INDIAN AGRICULTURE - BASIC FACTS 3 STRENGTHS ? Rich Bio-diversity ? Large arable land ? Variety climate ? Strong research infrastructure ? Vast knowledge pool WEAKNESSES ? Fragmented land ? Low productivity ? Low capital formation ? Low technology inputs ? Inefficient water management ? Inadequate infrastructure ? Inadequate credit from formal sources ? Inadequate risk management 4 OPPORTUNITIES / GROWTH DRIVERS ? Bridgeable yield gaps in food crops ? Vast potential for : - Cash crops - Horticultural crops - Allied agriculture (fisheries, livestock, poultry, piggery, etc.) ? Huge potential for value addition and agro- processing ? Building infrastructure for marketing ? Export opportunities ? Organic farming for domestic and exports ? Risk mitigation DEVELOPMENTS IN AG