浅析生物可降解高分材料的开发利用中英文对照.doc

浅析生物可降解高分子材料的开发利用中英文 Development and use of biodegradable polymer materials in English 我国目前的高分子材料生产和使用已跃居世界前列，每年产生几百万吨废旧物。如此多的高聚物迫切需要进行生物可降解，以尽量减少对人类及环境的污染。生物可降解材料，是指在自然界微生物，如细菌、霉菌及藻类作用下，可完全降解为低分子的材料。这类材料储存方便，只要保持干燥，不需避光，应用范围广，可用于地膜、包装袋、医药等领域。生物可降解的机理大致有以下3 种方式： 生物的细胞增长使物质发生机械性破坏； 微生物对聚合物作用产生新的物质；酶的直接作用，即微生物侵蚀高聚物从而导致裂解。按照上述机理，现将目前研究的几种主要的可生物可降解的高分子材料介绍如下。 Chinas current polymer materials production and use has leapt to the forefront of the world, millions of tons of waste materials generated each year. So many of the urgent need for biodegradable polymers, in order to reduce the pollution to human and environment. Biodegradable materials, refers to the natural microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and algae function, can be completely degraded into low molecular materials. This kind of material storage is convenient, as long as keep dry, without dark, wide application range, can be used for plastic film, packaging bags, medicine and other fields. Biodegradable mechanism can be summarized in the following 3 ways: biological cell growth of material mechanical damage; microorganism to produce new substances on the polymer; direct role in enzyme, namely microbial attack polymers resulting in cracking. According to the mechanism, the present study several main can be biodegradable polymer materials is introduced as follows. 1、生物可降解高分子材料概念及降解机理 1, the concept and the degradation mechanism of biodegradable polymer materials 生物可降解高分子材料是指在一定的时间和一定的条件下，能被微生物或其分泌物在酶或化学分解作用下发生降解的高分子材料。 Biodegradable polymer materials refers to a certain time and certain conditions, can be high polymer material or its secretion in microbial degradation enzymatic or chemical decomposition. 生物可降解的机理大致有以下3种方式：生物的细胞增长使物质发生机械性破坏；微生物对聚合物作用产生新的物质；酶的直接作用，即微生物侵蚀高聚物从而导致裂解。一般认为，高分子材料的生物可降解是经过两个过程进行的。首先，微生物向体外分泌水解酶和材料表面结合，通过水解切断高分子链，生成分子量小于500的小分子量的化合物；然后，降解的生成物被微生物摄入人体内，经过种种的代谢路线，合成为微生物体物或转化为微生物活动的能量，最终都转化为水和二氧化碳。 Biodegradable mechanism can be summarized in the followin