消费者的概念及消费权益保护法的调整范围.doc

消费者的概念及消费者权益保护法的调整范围??王利明???【内容提要】消费者是指非以盈利为目的的购买商品或者接受服务的人。消费者这一概念是与经营?者相对应的。消费者权益保护法中所指的“消费者”原则上仅限于自然人，而不应当包?括单位，单位因消费而购买商品或接受服务，应当受合同法调整。不能够以购买的物品?是否属于生活消费品作为判断是否为“生活消费”的标准，判断是否“生活消费”也不?应考虑购买者的目的与动机。关于医疗纠纷能否适用《消法》的问题，应当肯定医疗关?系是一种医疗服务合同关系，符合《消法》适用于商品、服务两类消费关系的规定要求?。但对于医疗关系，并不一定要适用《消法》第49条的规定对患者的权益加以保护。【英文摘要】The?author?makes?the?analysis?on?the?concept?of?consumer,he?holds?that?the　consumer?refers?to?persons?who?buy?commodities?or?accept?service?without?th?e?purpose?of?making?profit.What?is?opposite?to?the?consumer?is?the?manager.A?ccording?to?the?authors?view,the?“consumer”under?the?consumer?protection　law?is?limited?in?principle?to?the?natural?person?with?the?exclusion?of?the　units,which?should?be?regulated?by?the?contract?law?for?their?purchase?of?co?mmodities?and?acceptance?of?service.Through?his?analysis?on?the?concept?of“?living?consumption”,the?author?holds?that?whether?the?purchased?commodities　should?belong?to?the?consumer?goods?should?not?be?served?as?the?standard?fo?r?the?judgment?on?“living?consumption”.At?the?same?time.the?judgment?on?“?living?consumption”should?not?include?the?consideration?of?the?buyers?purpo?se?or?his?motive?either.On?the?issue?that?whether?the?Consumer?Protection?La?w?should?be?applied?to?the?medical?disputes,the?author?argues?that?the?jural　relation?of?medical?treatment.which?complies?with?the?requirements?of?the?t?wo?consuming?relations-commodity?and?service,should?be?defined?to?be?the?jur?al?relation?of?medical?service?contract.However,the?application?of?the?Artic?le?49?of?the?Consumer?Protection?Law?will?not?be?definitely?the?best?approac?h?for?protecting?the?patients?interests.【关键词】消费者/消费者权益保护法/生活消费/医疗纠纷/consumer/consumer?protection?law?/living?consumption/disputes?of?medical?treatment【正文】????法律以一定的社会关系为其调整对象，同时，不同的法律所调整的社会关系的性质和?范围是各不相同的。《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》(以下简称《消法》)第2条?规定：“消费者为生活消费需要购买、使用商品或者接受服务，其权益受本法保护；本?法未作规定的，受其他有关法律、法规保护。”这是《消法》对消费者权益保护法的调?整范围所作的界定