M1语法专题-直接引语和间接引语.docVIP

语法专题：直接引语和间接引语(I) 课文原句 “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.(Direct speech) →Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.(Indirect speech.) “Does a friend aways have to be a person?” the writer asks us. →The writer asks us if a friend always has to be a person. “What do you call your diary? ”Anne’s sister asked her. →Anne’s sister asked her what she called her diary. 二、知识梳理 直接引述别人的话叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语变成间接引语遵循“四变一加”的原则（一变人称，二变语序，三变时态，四变指示代词，时间状语、地点状语，加连接词（that, if/whether）。 （一）对应变化规则 直接引语 间接引语 人 称 I we she, he, it, they he(she) they he, she, it, they 时 态 一般现在时 现在完成时 一般过去时 现在进行时 一般将来时 过去完成时一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成或一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时（不变） 语 序 陈述句语序或疑问句语序 陈述句语序 指示代词 this these that those 时间状语 now today tonight yesterday tomorrow the day before yesterdaylast month(week) next week/month /year then that day that night the day before the next(following)day two days before the month(week) before the next week/month/ year 地点状语 here there 动词 come bring go take （二）连接词的变化 1. 陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接, that 无实际意义，可省略，语序不变。 Lana?said, “I am mad at Marcia.”? → Lana said (that) she was mad at Marcia. He said, “We are good at English.”→ He said (that) they were good at English. 2. 一般疑问句选择疑问句变间接引语时要用陈述语序，并要加连词 if 或 whetherShe asked me, “Are you Mr. Li?” → She asked me if/whether I was Mr. Li.She asked us, “Do you want to go on a picnic?”→ She asked us if/whether we wanted to go on a picnic. 3. 特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导, 陈述语序。“How much have we spent on petrol this year, ”Susan asked her?husband.→ Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.He asked me, “What time is it now?” → He asked me what time it was then.（三）直接引语变为间接引语的特殊情况 在以下几种情况下，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 直接引语是客观真理变间接引语，时态不变。 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.” the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.直接引语是过去进行时变间接引语，时