英语二轮复习：专题七《非谓语动词》讲述.doc

非谓语动词 不定式： 时态 主动态 被动态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have built to have been built John said that he had run in order to catch the bus. （一般式的主动态）He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态)He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式)He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态)v-ing形式： 时态 主动态 被 动 态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 注意：不及物动词没有被动式 动名词 I am sure of his coming in time. (一般式主动态) （= I am sure that he will come in time）He is proud of being selected as monitor. (一般式被动态) （= He is proud that he is selected as monitor.）I’m confident of his having passed the exam. (完成式主动态) （= I am confident that he has passed the exam.） He complained of having been cheated by others. (完成式被动态) 现在分词 He sat in a chair,reading a novel. (一般式主动态) (Being) exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被动态) Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态) All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态) 2.所做成分 项目/成分 主语 表语 宾语 宾补 定语 状语 动词的ing形式 现在分词 △ △ △ △ 动名词 △ △ △ △ 不定式 △ △ △ △ △ △ 过去分词 △ △ △ △ 注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。 II.基本知识 1.动词不定式在句中充当的成分①作主语。 To see once is better than to hear a hundred times. To make money is not the only purpose of our life.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的 在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。 It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。 ②作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后： help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)He managed to pass the exam.他成功地通过了考试。 He promised to be here at nine.他答应9点钟到这儿。 I didn’t expect to see you here.我没有料到在这儿见到你。在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。常见动词有:consider，make, feel, think, find等. He considered it better to leave now.他认为最好现在就离开。 I found it impossible to finish the work on time.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。 ③作定语（常置于名词之后）。 A. 被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next， second, last, only和not a，the等限定词时候，只能用不定式。