英语四级资料讲述.doc

【定语从句】典型例句剖析 1. Active learning, in which students write essays or perform experiments and then have their work evaluated by an instructor, is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn. 【参考译文】 积极的学习，即学生们写文章或做实验，然后让一位老师评估他们的作业，对那些还没有完全学会如何学习的学生来说要更为有益得多。 【结构分析】该句可分为两大部分：Active learning, (in which students write essays or perform experiments and then have their work evaluated by an instructor,)is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn.括号外的内容是主句，括号里的内容是介词+which模式的定语从句；主句的主语是Active learning，谓语是is，表语是beneficial，far more是状语，其中far是程度副词，相当于much，for those是状语，其后who引导的定语从句中，主语是who，谓体是have not yet fully learned，宾语结构是how to learn。括号内的定语从句修饰前面的Active learning，由三部分构成，即or?and连接的三个并列句，第一个并列句的主语是students，谓语是write，宾语是essays，第二个并列句的谓语是perform，宾语是experiments，第三个并列句的谓语是have．．．evaluated，宾语是work，by an instructor是状语结构。 【知识链接】 active积极的；essay文章；perform an experiment做实验；evaluate评估instructor指导者，老师；be beneficial for．．．对??有益。 2. The American version of the ideal individual prefers an atmosphere of freedom, where neither the government nor any other external force or agency dictates what the individual does. 【参考译文】 美国版的“理想个人”更喜欢一种自由的氛围，在这种氛围中政府或者任何别的外部力量都不会强行规定个人该做什么。 【结构分析】 该句可分为两大部分：(The American version of the ideal individual prefers an atmosphere of freedom,)(where neither the government nor any other external force or agency dictates what the individual does.)，第一部分是主句，第二部分是以where引导的非限定定语从句，修饰前面的atmosphere；主句的主语是The American version，谓语是prefers，宾语是an atmosphere，of the“ideal individual”作version的后定语，of freedom作atmosphere的后定语；第二部分的主语是由 neither．．．nor?or．．．连接的并列名词短语，谓语是dictates，宾语是what引导的从句。 【知识链接】 version版本；ideal理想的；prefer更喜欢，联想记忆：prefer．．．to．．．宁要??而不要??；atmosphere氛围；external外部的，联想记忆：internal内部的；agency机构；dictate命令，强制规定。 3. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entitles directed against each other, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entitles independently striving for something which is in