英语学位英语考讲述.docx

1.??? Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted移植 abroad. Like most ailments不安, it has its own symptoms and cure.??? Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient 东方的ourselves to the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues,暗示 which may be words, gestures, facial 面部expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious 有意识的awareness.??? Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded气量大的 or full of 善意亲切 you may be, a series of props支持者 have been knocked from under you followed by a feeling of frustration 挫败and anxiety. People react起反作用 to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort. The ways of the host country are bad because they make me feel bad. When foreigners in a strange land get together to grouse about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another phase of culture shock is regression衰退. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes trip home to bring one back to reality.??1、According to the pa