英语语法省略讲述.ppt

为了避免重复，突出关键词语，并使上下文紧密连接，在句子中有时就省去了一个或几个句子成分。这种语法手段就称为省略。省略是重要的修辞原则，因此，只要不损害语法结构，不产生歧异，能省略的就应省略。省略大体可以分为以下几种： I. 句首省略:在非正式谈话中，如果意思清楚，句首的非重读词语常常省略。可以省略的词包括冠词a/an, the、物主代词 my, your等、人称代词I ，you等、助动词 am， have等、和there be句型中的there。例如： (Have you）Found the treasure? (Do you) Want to see him? (Are you) Going home? (I beg your ）Pardon? Where (are you going) to? (Is there) anything I can do for you? II. 答语的省略 答语在语法上经常不完整，因为不需要重复刚才说过的话。 1. ---Have you finished your composition? ---Not yet. 2. ---Linda has arrived. ---when? 3. ---He won’t go to the party. ---why not? 在简略答语中,如果句子无动词,要用宾格代词作主语,而不用主格代词: 1. ---Who wants a ride in my car? ---Me!/ Not me! 2. ---I hear you’re a professor. ---Me a professor! 3. ---I really want to have a good sleep. ---Me, too. III. 介词的省略 1）在以next, last, this, that, these, those, one, every, each, some, any, all等开始的一些表示时间的常用词组前面以及tomorrow morning，yesterday afternoon前面，不用介词： See you next Saturday. I’ll never forget meeting you that afternoon. We met one Tuesday in August. Come any day you like. The party lasted all night. 2）在非正式文体中，尤其在美国，一周七天前面的on有时省略： And see you Monday. 3)在非正式文体中，在about +时间词组前面at经常省略： I’ll see you about 3 o’clock. 4) 在非正式文体中，表示某事维持多长时间的词组里，for常省略： We have lived here (for) ten years. 5）在be后表示计量的词组等： 含有height, weight, length, size, shape, age, colour, area等词的词组与动词be连用 时，往往省略介词of: What colour are her eyes? He is medium height. I’m the same weight as I was twenty years ago. What size shoes are you? 6)在 in this way, in the same way,in another way等词组里，经常省略in: They plant corn (in) the same way their ancestors used to 500 years ago. She walked this way at the same time every morning. 7) 在非正式文体中，与place连用的一些词组里，to可以省略： Let’s go some place where it’s quiet. He doesn’t have money to go places. 在非正式文体中,在place, day, way, time+不定式+介词结构中，可省略介词： They need a place to live (in). She has no place to go (to). ?I cant think of a worse?way?to?spend my time. IV.不定式的省略 1）如果意思清楚的话，可以用to代替整个不定式： 1. I went there because I wa