试论我国海运履约方制度之构建 毕业论文.doc

Abstract The rapid development of international maritime transportation industry makes it increasingly difficult for the existing subject of shipping responsibility system to meet the real needs, so the maritime performing party system was born to solve this problem, and it will be a milestone in the development process of the subject of shipping responsibility system. As a large country in shipping industry,it is of great realistic significance that China takes in and learns from the maritime performing party system. Firstly, this paper analyses the significance of constructing maritime performing party system in China from the view of system innovation, efficiency, equity value ??and the healthy development of Chinese shipping industry. And then the provisions which related to the maritime performing party system in China are introduced and the shortages of the legal rules are pointed out.After that, on the basis of elaborating the maritime performing party system under the Rotterdam Rules and concerning the deficiencies of the present legal provisions,the author proposes some suggestions to construct maritime performing party system in China in order to deal with the complicated legal relationship of international maritime transportation of goods. Key words: Maritime performing party；Rotterdam Rules；Liability；Construction； 试论我国海运履约方制度之构建 随着国际贸易往来的日益深入，作为国际贸易桥梁和纽带的国际海运也经历着变化和演进的沧桑，并使得国际海运关系日益趋向复杂。纵观整个运输过程，除了托运人和承运人之间的运输合同外，还会存在承运人与实际履行货物运输义务的相关方之间的委托合同、运输合同或者租船合同等。因此，理顺国际海运中所涉及的各主体之间的关系、厘清其责任负担成为国际贸易和法律界共同的课题。承运人作为国际海运关系中的关键主体，其责任历来都备受理论和实务界的关注，而且与承运人类似或相牵连的其他海运主体——履约辅助人的责任问题也随之逐步进入人们的讨论视野，如实际承运人等。而现行国际海运规则以及《中华人民共和国海商法》（下称《海商法》）对国际海上运输责任主体的规定都较简单，已经显现出不足以应对国际海运新变化的态势。因而，为了规范国际海运中所出现的各主体之间的关系，国际社会需要依据新形势制定新的海运规则。即于2008年12月11日在联合国第63届大会第67次会议上审议通过并于2009 年9月23日在荷兰鹿特丹开放签署的《联合国全程或部分海上国际货物运输合同公约》（下称《鹿特丹规则》）。《鹿特丹规则》在海运规则的统一化道路上作出了巨大努力，更新或创造了很多新的制度，其中的海运履约方制度无疑令人耳目一新。海运履约方制度的调整范围发生了巨大变化，致力于调整门到门运输过程中的法律关系。 （三）有利于促进我国海运业健康发展 对我国而言，构建海运履约方制度将会促进我国海运业健康全面的发展。现行《海商法