数控车床加工方案设计机械设计制造及自动化 毕业论文.doc

摘要 数控系统是数字控制系统简称，英文名称为Numerical Control System，早期是由硬件电路构成的称为硬件数控（Hard NC），1970年代以后，硬件电路元件逐步由专用的计算机代替称为计算机数控系统。计算机数控（Computerized numerical control，简称CNC）系统是用计算机控制加工功能，实现数值控制的系统。CNC系统根据计算机存储器中存储的控制程序，执行部分或全部数值控制功能，并配有接口电路和伺服驱动装置的专用计算机系统。 数控车床是目前使用最广泛的数控机床之一。数控车床主要用于加工轴类、盘类等回转体零件。通过数控加工程序的运行，可自动完成内外圆柱面、圆锥面、成形表面、螺纹和端面等工序的切削加工，并能进行车槽、钻孔、扩孔、铰孔、镗孔等加工。 数控车床种类较多，但主体结构都是由：车床本体、数控装置、伺服系统及辅助装置四大部分组成。 NC编程就是将加工零件的加工顺序、刀具运动轨迹的尺寸数据、工艺参数（主运动和进给运动速度、切削深度）以及辅助操作（换刀、主轴正反转、冷却液开关、刀具夹紧、松开等）加工信息，用规定的文字、数字、符号组成的代码，按一定格式编写成加工程序。 数控机床程序编制过程主要包括：分析零件图纸、工艺处理、数学处理、编写零件程序、程序校验。 关键词：数控，车床，编程，加工 Summary Numerical Control System is the shortened form of the digital Control System, the English name for Numerical Control System, is composed of hardware circuit is called early hardware NC (Hard NC), after the 1970 s, the hardware circuit element gradually instead of by a dedicated computer called a computer Numerical Control System. CNC (Computerized numerical control, CNC) system is to use computer control processing functions, realizes the numerical control system. CNC system based on computer control program stored in memory, and perform some or all of the numerical control function, and is equipped with interface circuit and servo drive unit dedicated computer system. Numerical control lathe is currently the most widely used one of nc machine tools. CNC lathe is mainly used for machining shaft, plate axisymmetrical parts. Through the operation of the nc machining program, can automatically complete inside and outside the cylinder, cone surface, forming surface, threads and transverse processes such as machining, and for turning, drilling, reaming, reaming, boring and other processing. Numerical control lathe sort is more, but the main structure are: lathe, numerical control equipment, servo system of ontology four major part and auxiliary device. NC programming is to machining sequence of parts, the size of the tool motion trajectory data, process parameters (the main mo