探讨国际私法中弱者利益的保护问题 毕业论文.doc

Abstract As international civil and commercial activities has been expanding in a rapid speed , at present a lot of countries not only in their own entity law, but also in the international law begin to pay attention to the special status -- the protection of the weak. Protection the rights of the weak has gained a widely application in the legislation and the judicial practice. But throughout the domestic and international laws in protecting of the weak, some shortages like the narrow range of the objects, the disadvantages of protection method are still existing. Therefore, we should focus more on substantial justice than formalistic justice, because only doing that can the interest of the weak be maintained, the civil and commercial activities be well development, the highest value of international private law be achieved .So the author strives to analyze the principle of protecting the interest of the weak ,the specific rules in maintain the rights of the weak and the reflection on the private international law in China and so on. We hope that legislators can establish protection the interest of the weak to be a basic principle and set up “the benefit to the weak” as a formula . Key words: private international law；the interest of the weak；the reservation of public order 探讨国际私法中弱者利益的保护问题 国际私法层面上的弱者，是指在国际民商事关系中处于弱势地位或者不利地位的当事人，主要包括涉外婚姻家庭领域中需要确认是否有婚生地位的子女、被监护人、被收养人、被抚养人等，涉外侵权中的受害一方，涉外合同领域消费者合同中的消费者及雇佣合同中的被雇用人等。这种弱势地位可能表现在当事人的经济地位方面，也可能表现在当事人的技能或信息方面，特别是在经济全球化的今天，国际上民商事来往也越来越紧密,致使国际民商事主体间的不平等性也越发突出，为了促进正常的国际间的经贸来往，维护实质结果的正义，以国际民商事关系为调整对象的国际私法对弱者权益的保护也越来越明显。对弱者权益的保护不仅是国际私法追求实质正义和人文关怀的体现，也是“法律面前人人平等”原则的延伸。保护弱者权益已经成为国际私法立法中的一股潮流，在司法实践中占有重要地位。 一、国际私法中保护弱者利益的理论和现实意义 （一）国际私法中保护弱者利益的理论 形式正义与实质正义是国际私法中保护弱者利益的理论核心。启蒙思想家指出：人与人之间本来都是平等的。法律追求人人平等，这是永恒的真理。但平等只是一项相对的权利，而并不是一项绝对的权利。我们可以从客观要素上去分析，现实中因为资源的占有、身体实力等因素，又或者是种族、性别等因素的确实存在，致使在社会中产生了人与人之间的不平等，从而产生了弱者与强者。何谓“弱者”，弱者是一个相对的概念，也是一个变动的概念。从理论上讲国际私法的任何领域中都有弱者的存在，因此，可以概括为以下几类：第一，婚姻家庭领域中的妇女、子女、被抚养人、被收养人、被