语言学修改版讲述.pptx

Brief introduction Main theories Contributions Bloomfield Leonard Bloomfield Descriptive and Structural linguistics Introduction Introduction Career Influence Born An assistant ethnologist(民族学者), studied native American languages(1925). Professor of Germanic philology at the university of Chicago (1927). Leading the development of structural linguistics in the united states during the 1930s and the 1940s. Making significant contributions to Indo-European historical linguistics. The representative of American structural linguistics. USA Chicago. April 1, 1887. The book: Language The book language, published in 1933, presented a comprehensive description of American structural linguistics. Bloomfield ‘s language once was held as the model of scientific methodology and greatest work in linguistics. Introduction Language Synchronic Linguistics (1-16) Diachronic Linguistics (17-28) The study and use of language, speech communications and the languages of the world Phoneme, semanteme(语义) and speech sound Grammatical forms and terms. Literary records and comparative method Evolution of the language (语言演变)，semantic change(语义变化) and langue borrowing(语言借用). (1-28 chapter) 1. Behaviorist view of langue Behaviorism is a view which draws on behaviorist psychology when trying to define the meaning of linguistic forms. Linguistic model of the behaviorism Stimulus --- Response Theory(Bloomfield’s formula) Bloomfield’s formula One Example Suppose a boy and his girlfriend are taking a walk. The girl is hungry. She saw an apple on the tree, so she made a noise. The boy climbed up the tree and picked it up and handed it to the girl. The girl ate the apples. 女孩看到苹果受到的实际刺激S if S-------R 若她受到刺激之后自己去摘R，即为S-R 但她没有自己采取行动，而与男友说话r 男孩所受到的刺激是s 男孩摘下苹果是R S---r s---R direct r s Speech signal process S---r s---R Bloomfield formula S→r——s→R S—外部刺激 r—言语的代替反应 s—言语的代替性刺激 R—外部的实际反应 One ca