英语阅读Part.docVIP

PAGE  PAGE 75 Part Two Contents Unit 1 What Are the Four Functions of Management? 什么是管理的四项职能? Unit 2 Intellectual Property 知识产权 Unit 3 General Procedures of Export and Import Transaction 进出口贸易的一般程序 Unit 4 Accounting Cycle 会计循环 Unit 5 Function of Financial Markets 金融市场的功能 Unit 6 The Java Language Java语言 Unit 7 Management Levels and Skills 管理的层次和技巧 Unit 8 Maritime Law 海商法 Unit 9 Advertising and Promotion 广告和促销 Unit 10 Balance Sheet 资产负债表 Unit 1 What Are the Four Functions of Management? 1 In the early part of this century, a French industrialist by the name of Henri Fayol wrote that all managers perform five management functions. They plan, organize, command, coordinate and control. In the mid-1950s, two professors at UCLA used the functions of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling as the framework for a textbook on management that for twenty years was unquestionably the most widely sold text on the subject. The most popular textbooks still continue to be organized around management functions, though these have generally been condensed to the basic four: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Let us briefly define what each of these functions encompasses. Keep in mind before we begin, however, that, although we will look at each as an independent function, managers must be able to perform all four functions simultaneously and that each function has an effect on the others. That is, these functions are interrelated and interdependent. 2 If you don’t much care where you want to get to, then it doesn’t matter which way you go, as the Cheshire at explained to Alice in Wonderland. Since organizations exist to achieve some purpose, someone has to define that purpose and the means for its achievement. A manager is that someone. The planning function encompasses defining an organization’s goals, establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and d