A complete passive blind image copy-move forensics scheme based on compound statistics features.pdf

Forensic Science International 212 (2011) e21–e25Rapid communication A complete passive blind image copy-move forensics scheme based on compound statistics features Fei Peng a,*, Yun-ying Nie a, Min Long b a School of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China1 bCollege of Computer and Communication Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China2 A R T I C L E I N F O Article history: Received 18 January 2011 Received in revised form 6 June 2011 Accepted 6 June 2011 Available online 2 July 2011 Keywords: Digital image forensics Sensor pattern noise Wavelet transform based de-noise Tampering location A B S T R A C T Since most sensor pattern noise based image copy-move forensics methods require a known reference sensor pattern noise, it generally results in non-blinded passive forensics, which significantly confines the application circumstances. In view of this, a novel passive-blind image copy-move forensics scheme is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a color image is transformed into a grayscale one, and wavelet transform based de-noising filter is used to extract the sensor pattern noise, then the variance of the pattern noise, the signal noise ratio between the de-noised image and the pattern noise, the information entropy and the average energy gradient of the original grayscale image are chosen as features, non- overlapping sliding window operations are done to the images to divide them into different sub-blocks. Finally, the tampered areas are detected by analyzing the correlation of the features between the sub- blocks and the whole image. Experimental results and analysis show that the proposed scheme is completely passive-blind, has a good detection rate, and is robust against JPEG compression, noise, rotation, scaling and blurring.  2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Forensic Science International jou r nal h o mep age: w ww.