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Abstract A Survey on Pixel-Based Skin Color Detection Techniques
A Survey on Pixel-Based Skin Color Detection Techniques
Vladimir Vezhnevets
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Vassili Sazonov Alla Andreeva
Graphics and Media Laboratory
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Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics
Moscow State University,
Moscow, Russia.
Abstract
Skin color has proven to be a useful and robust cue for face de-
tection, localization and tracking. Image content filtering, content-
aware video compression and image color balancing applications
can also benefit from automatic detection of skin in images. Numer-
ous techniques for skin color modelling and recognition have been
proposed during several past years. A few papers comparing differ-
ent approaches have been published [Zarit et al. 1999], [Terrillon
et al. 2000], [Brand and Mason 2000]. However, a comprehensive
survey on the topic is still missing. We try to fill this vacuum by
reviewing most widely used methods and techniques and collecting
their numerical evaluation results.
Keywords: image processing, color segmentation, color space
model selection, skin detection
1 Introduction
Face detection and tracking has been the topics of an extensive re-
search for the several past decades. Many heuristic and pattern-
recognition based strategies have been proposed for achieving ro-
bust and accurate solution. Among feature-based face detection
methods, the ones using skin color as a detection cue, have gained
strong popularity. Color allows fast processing and is highly robust
to geometric variations of the face pattern. Also, the experience
suggests that human skin has a characteristic color, which is easily
recognized by humans. So trying to employ skin color modelling
for face detection was an idea suggested both by task properties and
common sense.
When building a system, that uses skin color as a feature for
face detection, the researcher usually faces three main problems.
First, what colorspace to choose, second, how exactly the skin color
distribution should be modelled, and finally, what will be the way
of proces
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